| A | B |
|---|
| physiological | having to do with an organism's physical processes |
| cognitive | having to do with an organism's thinking and understanding |
| psychology | the scientific study of behavior that is tested through scientific research |
| hypothesis | an assumption about behavior that is tested through scientific research |
| theory | a set of assumptions used to explain phenomena and offered for scientific study |
| scientific method | a general approach to gathering information and answering questions so that errors and biases are minimized. It is a standardized way of making observations, gathering data, forming theories, testing predictions, and interpreting results. |
| psychologist | a scientist who studies the mind and behavior of humans and animals |
| psychiatry | a branch of medicine that deals with mental, emotional, or behavioral disorders |
| self-serving bias | claiming personal responsibility for positive events and blaming circumstances beyond our control for negative events |
| stereotype | an exaggerated set of assumptions about an identifiable group of people |
| social cognition | study of how people perceive, store, and retrieve information about social interactions |
| replicable | when others can repeat it and get the same results. |
| naturalistic observation | refers to the collection of data without manipulation of the environment. The goal of _____ _____ in psychology is to study the behavior of an organism (including a human) in natural settings. |
| case study | a process or record of research in which detailed consideration is given to the development of a particular person, group, or situation over a period of time. |
| survey | is a method for collecting information or data as reported by individuals. ________ are questionnaires (or a series of questions) that are administered to research participants who answer the questions themselves. |
| experiment | a scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact. |
| falsifiable | which means that it must be stated in a way that makes it possible to reject it. In other words, we have to be able to prove a theory or hypothesis wrong. Theories and hypotheses need to be this because all researchers can succumb to the confirmation bias. |
| operational definitions | state exactly how a variable will be measured. |
| validity | is an indication of how sound your research is. More specifically, ________ applies to both the design and the methods of your research. ______ in data collection means that your findings truly represent the phenomenon you are claiming to measure. Produces solid claims. |
| reliability | in psychological research refers to the consistency of a research study or measuring test. With ______ findings from research are replicated consistently. |
| covert behavior | defined as any observable or measurable movement or activity of an individual |
| empirical evidence | information acquired by observation or experimentation. This data is recorded and analyzed by scientists and is a central process as part of the scientific method. |
| anthropomorphic fallacy | is our tendency to attribute human emotions and characteristics to inanimate objects and aspects of nature, such as plants, animals, or the weather. |
| structuralism | the theory that elements of human culture must be understood in terms of their relationship to a larger, overarching system or structure. |
| functionalism | a theory about the nature of mental states. According to __________, mental states are identified by what they do rather than by what they are made of. This can be understood by thinking about artifacts like mousetraps and keys. |
| behaviorism | a worldview that assumes a learner is essentially passive, responding to environmental stimuli. The learner starts off as a clean slate (i.e. tabula rasa) and behavior is shaped through positive reinforcement or negative reinforcement. |
| humanism | relating to an approach which studies the whole person, and the uniqueness of each individual. |
