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| Name the living tissues in bone. | bone tissue, cartilage, dense connective tissue, blood, and nervous tissue |
| List functions of the skeletal system | support and protect softer tissues, provide points of attachment for muscle tissue, house blood producing cells, storage of inorganic salts. |
| explain how bones are classified. | four classifications- by shape (long, short, flat and irregular bones) |
| list the five major parts of a long bone. | epiphysis- part that forms a joint Metaphysis-connects epiphysis to diaphysis Diaphysis- shaft of the bone Articular cartilage- cartilage on the bone at the epiphysis to cushion the joint Medulary cavity- space containing yellow bone marrow. |
| How do compact and spongy bone differ in structure? | in compact bone osteocytes organize around central canals and excrete extracellular bone material. in spongy bone the osteocytes remain within fibrous trabeculae and absorb nutrients through tiny canals |
| Describe the microscopic structure of compact bone. | Osteocytes and layers of excreted extracellular matrix surround central canals containing blood vessels. these layers form concentric rings around the canals. |
| Describe the development of an intramembranous bone | spongy bone tissue forms along layers of connective tissue, later the spongy bond becomes compact bone as osteocytes fill in the spaces of the spongy bone matrix. |
| Describe how an endochondral bone developes. | Endochondrinal bone forms from masses of hyaline cartilage. this cartilage grows and develops the support system for the bone, then breaks down. Connective tissue begins to form around degenerating cartilage allowing for the development of bony structure to start growing. |
| List the steps in the growth of a long bone. | Answers in notes and book |
| Explain how nutritional factors effect bone growth. | reference textbook for information |
| What effects do hormones have on bone growth? | reference textbook for information |
| How does physical excercise effect bone structure? | Reference textbook for information |
| List the major functions of bones. | Support and protection, Movement, Hemopoiesis, Storage of mineral and energy reserves |
| Distinguish between the functions of red marrow and yellow marrow. | Yellow marrow stores fat and does not produce red blood cells. Red marrow produces most blood cells. |
| Explain the regulation of the concentration of blood calcium. | parathyroid hormones are released in response to low blood calcium levels, these hormones stimulate the action of osteoclasts which break down bone to release calcium in to the blood. High levels of calcium in the blood stimulate the production of thyroid hormones-calcitonin which stimulates the accumulation of calcium in osteoblasts which deposit excess calcium into bone tissue. |
| List the substances normally stored in bone tissue | calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, carbonate ions. |
