| A | B |
|---|
| What did people begin to question at the beginning of the Renaissance? | social structure, the Church |
| What does the word Renaissance mean? | rebirth |
| Where did the Renaissance begin? | Italy |
| Why did the Renaissance not spread to Europe quickly? | Hundred Years War |
| List three advantages that Italy had which helped to begin the Reniassance | Thriving cities, wealthy merchants, traditions of Greece and Rome |
| Who controlled political life during the Renaissance in Italy? | Wealth merchants |
| How did Cosimo de' Medici gain control of government in Italy? | giving the government loans |
| Who became the most powerful person in Italy after the death of Cosimo? | Lorenzo |
| How did the Medici help the Renaissance continue? | funding the arts |
| Where did the people of the Renaissance look to for ways to cure problems in society? | the past |
| What did humanist value? | human potential |
| What did Pope Alexander VI do to anger Christians? | had children |
| List one reason the pope received criticism during the Renaissance | wealth of Church, selling of indulgences, clergy having children |
| Why did Martin Luther take a stand against Johann Tetzel? | he was selling indulgences |
| What is an indulgence? | pardon for sin |
| Why did Luther write in response to Tetzel? | 95 theses |
| Why did Luther's ideas spread so quickly throughout Europe? | printing press |
| What were the three main ideas of Luther's teachings? | Saved by faith alone, Church teachings should be based on the words of the Bible, All people with faith are equal |
| Why did some German princes and merchants support Luther? | To weaken the pope |
| How did Luther eventually say the pope should be removed? | by force |
| What did Leo X do to Luther? | excommunicated him |
| Who summoned Luther to Worms to stand trial? | Charles V |
| What did the Edict of Worms say | Luther and anyone who assisted him were outlaws |
| Who provided Luther with protection | Fredrick the Wise and other German leaders |
| What did the people who supported Luther become know as? | Protestants |
| What did the Peace of Augsburg say? | German princes could determine religion |
| What book did Calvin write | Institutes of the Christian Religion |
| Who were the elect | People who were chosen to go to heaven by God |
| What is a theocracy? | government that gets authority from religion |
| What did the followers of John Knox become known as | Presbyterians |
| Who wrote Spiritual Exercises? | Ignatius |
| What were the followers of Ignatius known as? | Jesuits |
| What did the Jesuits focus on? | Spreading the Catholic faith, opening schools |
| Who was the original leader of the Jesuits? | Ignatius |
| What were the main goals of the Jesuits? | Spreading the Catholic faith, stopping the spread of the Protestant faith, starting schools |
| Who called for the Council of Trent to be formed? | Paul III |
| Describe the doctrine agreed on by the Council of Trent? | Indulgences were valid expressions of faith, Churches interpretation of the Bible was final, Church tradition and words of the Bible are equally important |
| Why did Henry VII want to divorce Catherine of Argon? | Too old to produce male heir |
| What did Henry as the pope for in order to end his marriage to Catherine? | Anulment |
| Why did the pope not grant Henry an annulment? | Catherine was Charles V aunt |
