| A | B |
|---|
| chemotherapeutic drug | chemical used for treatment, relief, or prophylaxis of disease |
| prophylaxis | use of drug to prevent infection |
| antimicrobial chemotherapy | using drugs to control infection |
| antimicrobials | any drug, regardless of origen, that can inhibit or destroy microorganisms |
| antibiotics | antimicrobial agents produced from natural sources |
| semisynthetic drugs | drugs from natural sources that have been chemically modified |
| synthetic drugs | drugs produced entirely by chemical reactions |
| narrow spectrum | antimicrobials effective against a limited array of microbial types |
| broad spectrum | antimicrobials effective against a wide variety of microbial types |
| selectively toxic | kills or inhibits microbial cells without harming host tissues |
| penicillinase | enzyme that destroys the beta-lactam ring |
| plasmid | extrachromosomal genetic unit |
| pili | bacterial appendage used in DNA exchange during bacterial conjugation |
| penicillin | block cross-linking of peptidoglycan |
| cephalosporin | most are resistant to penicillinases |
| vancomycin | used to treat MRSA |
| aminoglycosides | e.g. gentamicin, kanamycin; toxic to kidneys & eyes |
| tetracycline | macrolide; may cause permenent discoloration of teeth if used during tooth development |
| clindamycin | macrolide associated with Clostridium difficile infection |
| sulfonamide & trimethroprim | target folic acid synthesis |
| fluoroquinolone | target DNA or RNA |
| nalidixic acid | first-generation fluoroquinolone |
| ciprofloxacin | second-generation fluoroquinolone |
| polymixins | target cell membranes |
| polymixin B | colistin |
| biomaterials such as catheters | possible site for biofilm formation |
| rifampin, pyrizinamide, isoniazid, ethambutol | antimycobacterial drugs |
| penicillin, cephalosporin, vancomycin | target cell wall |
| amphotericin B | treats systemic fungal infections |
| chloroquinone & primaquine | treats malaria |
| chloroquinone | malaria prophylaxis |
| metronidazole | treats amoeba & protozoans |
| mebendazole & albendazole | treats roundworms |
| praziquantel | treats tapeworms & flukes |
| fuzeon, AZT, indinvar, saquinavir | treats HIV |
| Relenza & Tamiflu | treats influenza virus |
| Ribavirin | treats RSV |
| Zovirax | treats herpesvirus |
