| A | B |
|---|
| Conquistador | conquerors from Spain or of Spanish descent |
| Immunity | resistance to disease |
| Hernan Cortes | Spanish Conquistador who conquered Aztec Empire in 1521 |
| Montezuma | Aztec Emperor when Spanish conquered Aztec Empire |
| Francisco Pizarro | Spanish Conquistador who conquered the Inca Empire in 1532. |
| Atahualpa | Sapa Inca (emperor) when the Spanish conquered Inca Empire |
| Hohokam | known as the Vanished Ones these people were early farmers of the North American Southwest |
| Anasazi | culture is sometimes referred to as “cliff-dwellers |
| Pueblo | Spanish called the Anasazi dwellings |
| Kiva | large underground chamber used for religious ceremonies |
| Mound Builders | Native Americans who built giant earthen structures that their settlements centered around |
| Adena and Hopewell | peoples of North America were early mound builders who lived in the Ohio and Mississippi Valleys |
| Mesa Verde | large cliff-dwelling in North America |
| Pueblo Bonito | huge Anasazi complex consisted of 800 rooms that could have housed about 3,000 people |
| Cahokia | the largest North American Mississipian settlement reaching 40,000 people |
| potlatch | Northwest Native American families hosted ceremonial dinners where they gave gifts to guests to show wealth and gain status |
| Inuit | Native Americans who live in the Arctic region and whose name means the People |
| Iroquois League | Native Americans of the Eastern Woodlands of North America |
| geoglyph | a pictograph or other symbol carved into a surface |
| Sapa Inca | term meaning emperor in Inca Empire |
| Pacacuti | first Sapa Inca (emperor) of Inca Empire |
| Quipu | colored string or rope with knots used by the Inca for counting and recording numerical information |
| Quechua | language of the Incas |
| Alloy | blend |
| Cuzco | capital city of Inca Empire |
| Machu Picchu | city in the clouds |
| Inca | civilization was located in the Andes Mountains and built over 12 |
| ayllu | was Inca village leader who carried out government orders assigned jobs to families even arranged marriages |
| Beringia | a vast grassland exposed during the Ice Age that was located between Asia and the Americas |
| Bering Strait | a narrow waterway between Siberia and Alaska |
| Global warming | worldwide temperature increase |
| Plains | rolling flatlands |
| Tikal | a large influential city-state in Mayan civilization |
| Tenochtitlan | the Aztec capital city |
| Chinampas | floating garden used by the Aztec civilization |
| Olmec | thought to be “mother” civilization of Middle Americathe civilization that all the others modeled themselves from they farmed using slash and burn and carved colossal stone heads |
| Maya | the most advanced civilization of Middle America who developed an accurate 365 day calendar and |
| Aztec | had a large Middle America Empire where the people worshipped a sun god with daily human sacrifices. |
| tribute | payment that conquered peoples are forced to make to their conquerors |
| Teotihuacan | City that dominated the Valley of Mexico from A.D.200-750 Influenced the culture of later Mesoamerican peoples especially Aztec. |
| Mesoamerica | middle America or Central America |
| stela | tall stone monuments |
