| A | B |
|---|
| Sophocles | Greek Playwright known for writing dramatic tragedies like Oedipus Rex |
| Socrates | Early philosopher who taught to question authority and developed his own teaching theory. He was executed for “corrupting the youth” but was a teacher of Plato. |
| Hippocrates | known as the “father of medicine” he developed a scientific approach to healing the sick. Doctors today take an oath named for him. |
| Phidias | Greek artist and sculptor known for his sculpting the statues inside of the Parthenon including the ATHENA PARTHENOS |
| Herodotus | Greek father of History, he wrote the History of the Persian Wars |
| Aeschylus | Greek playwright known for writing his trilogy “The Orestia” which promotes democracy |
| Pythagoras | Greek Mathematician known for developing the formula for calculating the length of the sides right triangles. He has a famous Theorem named after him |
| Aristotle | Greek philosopher known for his achievements in logic as well as fields of science. He tutored Alexander the Great and was taught by Plato |
| Plato | Greek philosopher known for favoring “philosopher kings” as the best form of government in his book THE REPUBLIC. He was taught by Socrates. |
| Thucydides | Greek Historian who wrote the history of the Peloponnesian wars between Athens and Sparta |
| Parthenon | The Greatest example of Greek architecture, it is a temple dedicated to Athena |
| Pericles | Athenian General and Statesmen that led Athens' Golden Age |
| Homer | Epic Poet who wrote the Iliad and Odyssey |
| Epic Poetry | form of Literature used in Iliad and the Oddysey |
| Persian Wars | Athens and Sparta work together, Greece defeats Persia, enters golden age |
| Peloponnesian Wars | Athens and Sparta fight against each other, Macedonia is then able to later conquer Greece |
| Philip II | Macedonian King, Led Conquest of Greece |
| The Iliad and the Oddysey | The most famous examples of Greek Epic Poetry |
| hellas | the name for Greece's land |
| Hellenic | the term for Greek culture |
| Polis | term for a greek city state |
| Agora | the greek marketplace or public square |
| Acropolis | the fortitified hill at the center of a greek polis |
| Barter system | trading physical goods instead of $ |
| colonies | areas settled by Greece because they lacked space and farmland |
| citizens | those that were allowed to participate in government. (free native born men) |
| polytheistic | having many gods |
| zeus | king of the gods, god of lightning |
| Hera | queen of gods, goddess of marriage |
| Artemis | goddess of the moon, the wild and the hunt |
| Aphrodite | goddess of love and beauty |
| Athena | goddess of wisdom and skill |
| Apollo | god on the sun, music and prophecy |
| Homer | poet who composed the Iliad and Odyssey |
| The Iliad | tells the story of the last year of the Trojan war, major characters are Achilles, Paris, Helen and Hector |
| The Odyssey | tells the story of Odyssseus's return home from the Trojan War. Athena assists Odyseus on his return. |
| Athens | city state that developed democracy, and focused on art and education |
| Sparta | city state that focused on war, and had an aggressive society |
| Oligarchy | rule by the few (form of govt used in sparta) |
| Monarchy | rule by a king who passes rule to his son |
| Aristocracy | rule by wealthy land owners |
| Tyranny | rule by one person who seizes power |
| Direct Democracy | people vote on decisions rather than to elect people |
| Draco | tyrant that established a harsh law code |
| Solon | Tyrant that worked to expand rights of commoners |
| Cleisthenes | credited with establishing democracy in Greece |
| Herodotus | "father of History" known for his history of the Persian wars |
| Battle of MArathon | deciisve Greek victory in 1st Persian War |
| Battle of Thermopylae | Heroic Spartan stand against the Persians |
| Battle of Salamis | decisive Greek naval victory in 2nd Persian wars |
| Golden Age | time period of great achievement in Athens. It occurred after the Persian wars |
| Pericles | Famous Athenian statesmen, led Athens through Golden age and beginning of Peloponnesian war |
| Phidias | famous greek scultop, sculpted the statues in the Parthenon |
| Golden Age | Athens's period of advancement and accomplishement |
| Euclid | mathematician known for accomplishments in Geometry. He wrote "The ELEMENTS" |
| Archimedes | known for several math and science innovations, he estimated pi and developed a crew used to pump water |
| Aeschylus | Greek playwright known for hi trilogy |
| Athens | the city state that focused on education and was led by a democracy |
| Sparta | the city state that focused on War and was led by an oligarchy |
| Macedonia | Kingdom north of Greece that conquered the Greek city states following the Peloponnesian wars |
| Alexander the Great | led the Macedonian conquest of Persia, his empire would lead to the rise of Hellenistic culture |
| Hellenistic Culture | a combination of Greek and Asian Culture |
| Aristotole | Greek philosopher known for thoughts on LOGIC, he tutored Alexander the Great |
| Peloponnesian league | term for Sparta's allies in the Peloponnesian wars |
| Delian League | term for Athens's allies in the Peloponnesian wars |
