| A | B |
|---|
| demography | the study of population patterns and change |
| population | all the people of a particular area |
| population density | the number of people in a defined area such as a square mile |
| population distribution | the pattern, or spread, of people in a given area |
| cartogram | a type of map used to present statistical information |
| birth rate | the number of births each year per 1,000 people |
| death rate | the number of deaths each year per 1,000 people |
| census | the periodic count of a nation’s population by its government |
| rate of natural increase | the birth rate minus the death rate expressed as a percentage |
| migration | the movement of people |
| fertility rate | the average number of children per woman |
| demographic transition theory/model | describes the stages countries go through as birth and death rates change over time |
| more developed nations | a country with a highly developed economy, including significant industrial and service sectors of the economy |
| less developed nations | a fairly poor country with an agriculturally-based economy |
| standard of living | the level of wealth, comfort, material goods and necessities available to a person, group or society |
| population pyramid | pyramid-shaped diagram that shows the age and male/female distribution of a population, with the youngest represented by a rectangle at the base and the oldest by one at the top |
| dependent population | those people that rely on others for support for the goods and services they consume, usually the very young and very old |
| immigration | the process of entering one country to take up permanent or semi-permanent residence |
| emigration | the process of leaving one country to take up permanent or semi-permanent residence |
| net migration | the net effect of immigration and emigration on an area’s population in a given time period |
| push factors | factors that push people out of one place to another place |
| pull factors | factors that pull, or attract, people to move to a place |
| refugee | a person who has been forced to leave his/her country in order to escape war, persecution or natural disaster |
| archaeologist | social scientists that study ancient cultures through the examination of artifacts, buildings, and other remaining material evidence |
| artifacts | material evidence from the past that are left for us to study |
| theory | an accepted explanation supported by evidence |
| oral tradition | history that is passed down through generations by mouth |
| urbanization | the movement of people from rural to urban areas |
| megacity | a city with over 10 million people |
| slum | a run-down area of a city with inadequate housing and lack of services such as water and sanitation |
