| A | B |
|---|
| Industrialization | The development of industry on an extensive scale. |
| Agriculture Revolution | A period of transition where new policies and machines allowed more food to be grown. |
| Enclosure Movement | The process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the 18th century. |
| Cottage Industry | Small-scale industry that can be carried on at home by family members using their own equipment. |
| Textile | Artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers. |
| Urbanization | A population shift from rural to urban areas. |
| Tenement | A rundown apartment house barley meeting minimal standards. |
| Spinning Jenny | An early spinning machine with multiple spindles. |
| Steam Engine | External-combustion engine in which heat is used to raise steam which either turns a turbine or forces a piston to move up and down in a cylinder. |
| Tradition Economy | Economic system that relies on habit, custom, ritual to decide questions of production and consumption of goods and services. |
| Specialization | The special line of work you have adopted as your career. |
| Trade Union | An organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer. |
| Middle Class | The social class between the lower and upper classes. |
| Putting Out System | System of merchant-capitalist "putting out" raw materials to cottage workers for processing and payment that was fully developed in England. |
| Entrepreneur | Someone who organizes a business venture and assumes the risk for it. |
| Standard of Living | A level of material comfort in terms of goods and services available to someone. |
| Strike | To refuse to work in order to force and employer to meet certain demands. |
| Factors of Production | Resources of land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship used to produce goods and services. |
| Socialism | An economic system in which the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all. |
| Communism | An economic system in which all the means of production - land, mines, factories, railroads, and business - are owned by the people; private property does not exist and all goods are shared equally. |
| Capitlaism | An economic and political system by which a country's industry and trade are controlled by private owners that wish to make money. |
| Proletariat | The class of industrial wage earners who have neither production or capital means. |
| Working Class | A social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages. |
| Urban | In or relating to a city or town. |
| Rural | In or relating to the country or countryside. |
| Bessemer Process | A steel making process that cut cost and time in half. |
| Mass Production | Rapid production of identical objects. |
| Monopoly | The exclusive possession or control of the supply or trade in a commodity or service. |
| Assembly Line | Mechanical system in a factory |
| Commodity | A raw material or product that can be bought and sold. |
