| A | B |
|---|
| John Breckinridge | This Democrat was nominated by the Southerners in teh Democratic Party for President in 1860, but this split the Democrats into two factions, aloowing the Republicans to win the White House that year |
| Dred Scott | This was the slave who sued his owner in the U.S. Supreme Court, claiming that because he had lived in a free state for some time, he could no longer be considered a slave. He lost the case. |
| John Brown | This man was the fanatic abolitionist who had committed murder in Kansas, and then plotted to seize the federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry, VA in 1859, in an attempt to get guns and give them to the slaves so that they could rise up against their masters, and destroy slavery once and for all |
| Henry Clay | Known as "The Great Compromiser," this Senator from Kentucky crafted the Compromise of 1850 in one final attempt to keep the Union together by compromising between North and South |
| James Buchanan | This Pennsylvannia Democrat was elected President in 1856, but when the Southern states began to secede in Dec., 1860 he did nothing to stop them |
| Jefferson Davis | This Senator from Mississippi was a former Secretary of War who had served with distinction in the Mexican War, but in Feb., 1861 he was elected President of the Confederate States |
| Roger Taney | A native of Maryland and a slave owner himself, this Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court rule in 1857 that a slave is a peice of property, without any rights that a citizen might have |
| Zachary Taylor | This Whig Party member from Louisiana was a hero of the Mexican War when he was elected President in 1848, but his sudden death in 1850 added to the tension between North and South |
| Stephen A. Douglas | Known as "the Little Giant," this Senator from Illinois originated the idea of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854, and then ran unsuccessfully for President in 1860 |
| Abraham Lincoln | In 1860, the Republicans nominated this moderate from Illinois for President, instead of more extreme abolitionist candidates, and he won all the electoral votes in the free states / After the battle of Gettysburg, this man's speech at the dedication of a military cemetery there is now considered to be among the greatest speeches ever given in American history |
| Sojourner Truth | This woman's commanding presence and powerful speaking style captured people's attention at many anti-slavery and women's rights meetingsin the 1840s |
| Frederick Douglass | This escaped slave changed his name to protect himself, and became one of the leading spokesmen for the abolition movement. His speeches convinced many people of the evils of slavery |
| Harriet Beecher Stowe | In 1852 this novelist opened the eyes of many northerners with the publication of her anti-slavery novel, Uncle Tom's Cabin |
| Dorothea Dix | The research done by this Massachusetts schoolteacher convinced the state governemtn to improve prison conditions and create separate institutions for the mentally ill |
| Angelina Grimke | Along with her sister, this white woman from South Carolina became a Wuaker and an abolitionist, and became a prominent abolitionist speaker. In 1836, she wrote a pamphlet called An Appeal to the Christian Women of South |
| William Lloyd Garrison | This newspaper publisher from Boston founded the American Anti-Slavery Society in 1833. He believed that radical action should be taken in the fight against slavery |
| Harriet Tubman | This woman was an escaped slave from Maryland who returned to the South to rescue slave families and lead them to safety in the Norht or in Canada. SHe became known as "the Black Moses" |
| Horace Mann | This Massachusetts man was the leader in the movement for school reform, especially for the use of taxes to pay for free public education |
| Catharine Beecher | Although she was strongly in favor of equality for women, this reformer believed that women could help build a strong American society by using their influence within the family |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton | This woman was one of the organizers of the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848, and issued a "manifesto" declaring that "all men and women are created equal" |
| Ulysses S. Grant | After the victories over the Confederates at Shiloh, TN and Vicksburg, MS, this Union general was given the command of all Union armies in 1864, and emerged victorious in 1865. After the war he served two terms as President of the U.S. / Although his army lost many casualties, this Union general kept pounding Lee's tired arm into submission in Virginia in 1864 and 1865 |
| John Wilkes Booth | An actor from Maryland, this Southern sympathizer shot Pres. Lincoln to death in front of hundreds of people, and was himself shot to death 12 days later |
| Andrew Johnson | This former Democrat from Tennessee was chosen to serve as Vice President in Lincoln's second term, and he became the President when Lincoln was murdered in 1865 |
| Joshua L. Chamberlain | A former professor from Bowdoin College in Maine, this armycolonel won the Medal of Honor for his actions on Little Round Top at Gettysburg on July 2, 1863 |
| Stonewall Jackson | Famous for his brave stand at Bull Run, this brilliant Confederate general was second in command to Lee when he was accidentally killed near Chancellorsville in May 1863 / This experienced and eccentric Confederate genereal earned a reputation for bravery at the first Battle of Bull Run in 1861 |
| Joseph Hooker | This Union general from Mass., known for allowing prostitutes to roam in his camps, was in command of the Union army which was beaten by Lee at Gettysburg at Chancellorsville in 1863 |
| George B. McClellan | Because he was overly cautious, even after winning at Antietam in 1862, Lincoln fired this Union genera. Eventually he ran as a Democrat against Lincoln for President in 1864 |
| James Longstreet | Second in command of the Confederates under Lee at Gettysburg, this Confederate general was unwilling to fight at Gettysburg, but his advice was not listened to by Gen. Lee |
| Clara Barton | Known as "the Angel of the Battlefield," this oamn helped to organize army nurses as part of the U.S. Sanitary Commission during the Civil War, and in 1871 was the founder of the American Red Cross |
| Ambrose Burnside | This Rhode Islander was in command of the Union army at Fredericksburg in Dec., 1862, when he ordered his army into a disastrous assault on entrenched Confederate positions |
| George G. Meade | This general was in command of the Union army at Gettysburg, and although he defeated Lee there, did not pursue the Southerners after the battle |
| William T. Sherman | When this Union general captured Atlanta, GA in Sept, 1864, the news of this victory helped Lincoln get re-elected President in Nov. 1864 |
| David Farragut | Commander of a Union naval squadron in 1862 which forced New Orleans to surrender and which captured Baton Rouge and Natchez on the Mississippi River |
| Robert E. Lee | Son of a hero of the American Revolution, this Virginian was the best general on both sides during the Civil War |
| Robert Gould Shaw | Son of wealth Boston abolitionists, in 1862 this man was put in command of the first regiment of blacks to serve in the Union army, known as the 54th Massachusetts |
| Winfield Scott | Hero of the Mexican War but too old to lead troops in battle, this man designed the strategy for winning the war which the North used to gain victory eventually |
| Irivin McDowell | Even though he warned the President that his troops were not ready for combat, this Union general took them into battle at Bull Run in 1861, and was soundly defeated |
| John C. Calhoun | statesman from South Carolina; held many offices in the federal gov; supported slavery, cotton exports and states' rights |
| Daniel Webster | Mass. Senator who used powerful oratorical skill to persuade congress to adopt the Compromise of 1850 |
| John C. Fremont | Explorer, military officer, and politician; led U.S. troops in 1846 Bear Flage revolt when the U.S. took Cali from Mexico |
| William Seward | Republican; antislavery leader during the 1860s; acquired Alaska in 1867 as Sec. of State |
| Genereal P.G.T. Beauregard | Confederate general, captured Fort Sumter, won the first |
