| A | B |
|---|
| calorie | the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 Celsius degree |
| Calorie | Also called a kilocalorie, used to measure the amount of energy in food. |
| cellular respiration | the process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen; made up of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain |
| glycolysis | the first step in releasing the energy of glucose, occurs in the cytoplasm and makes 2 ATP |
| Krebs cycle | the second stage of cellular respiration, in which carbon dioxide is produced as well as 2 ATP |
| electron transport chain | the second stage of cellular respiration in which the Oxygen is used to make 32 ATP |
| ATP | The high energy molecule used as an energy source by cells. |
| ADP | The lesser energy molecule that can be "recharged" into ATP |
| photosynthesis | plants use the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates (sugars and starches) |
| chlorophyll | the principal pigment of plants and other photosynthetic organisms, light energy |
| Chloroplast | the organelle where photosynthesis takes place in plant cells. |
| White light | Contains all the wavelengths of light (colors) in the visible spectrum |
| Red and Blue light | The two colors of light absorbed the most by chloroplyll |
| Green light | One color chlorophyll does not absorb |
| light-dependent reactions | Reactions of photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP. |
| light-independent reactions | Reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP is used to build glucose from carbon dioxide. |
