| A | B |
| Ptolemy | Developed an Earth-centered model of the universe. |
| Copernicus | Developed a sun-centered model of the universe. |
| Tycho | Observed and recorded 40 years worth of astronomical data without a telescope. |
| Kepler | Developed mathematical laws to describe the motion of the planets. |
| Galileo | Argued that all objects fall at the same rate, supported the heliocentric model of the universe and first advocated for the idea of inertia. |
| Newton | Conceived that the gravity force that causes objects to fall is identical to the force that causes satellites to move in orbits. |