| A | B |
|---|
| ROM Range of Motion | exercises are done to maintain the health of the musculoskeletal system moving each joint and muscle through its full range of motion, frequently ordered by a physician, and administered by a PT (Physical Therapist), PTA (Physical Therapy Assistant), RN (Registered Nurse), or an aid certified to perform ROM |
| Contracture | a tightening and shortening of a muscle resulting in permanent flexing of a joint. example: foot drop |
| Active ROM | performed by the patients who are able to move their joints without assistance |
| Active Assistive ROM | the patient actively moves the joints but receives assistance to complete the entire ROM |
| Passive ROM | another person moves each joint for a patient who is not able to exercise |
| Resistive ROM | administered by a therapist and the exercises are performed against resistance provided by the therapist and helps the patient to develop strength and endurance |
| Abduction | moving a body part AWAY from the midline of the body |
| Adduction | moving a body part TOWARD the midline of the body |
| Flexion | bending a body part |
| Extension | straightening a body part |
| Hyperextension | excessive straightening of a body part |
| Rotation | moving a body part around its own axis example: turning the head from side to side like you are saying NO |
| Circumduction | moving in a circle at a joint or moving one end of a body part in a circle while the other end remains stationary |
| Pronation | turning a body part downward, turning palm DOWN |
| Supination | turning a body part upward, turning palm UP |
| Opposition | touching each of the fingers with the tips of the thumb |
| Inversion | turning a body part inward |
| Eversion | turning a body part outward |
| Dorsiflexion | bending backward (bending the foot toward the knee) |
| Plantar Flexion | bending forward (straightening the foot away from the knee) |
| Radial Deviation | moving toward the thumb side of the hand |
| Ulnar Deviation | moving toward the little finger side of the hand |
| Transfer (Gait) Belt | a band of fabric or leather positioned around the patient's waist and used to assist in the movement and ambulation of a patient |
| Four Point Gait | used when both legs can bear some weight and is a slow gait. One point at a time moves |
| Two Point Gait | taught after four point gait and closer to natural walking. opposing points move at the same time |
| Three Point Gait | used when only one leg can bear weight. both crutches and affected leg move at the same time (3 point) |
| Swing Through Gait | most rapid gait and requires strength and skill. move both crutches then swing legs through beyond crutch tips |
| Swing To Gait | more rapid gait and requires strength. both crutches move, then unaffected leg swings to the middle |
| Moist Compress | applications are cold and moist or wet against the skin and are more penetrating than dry cold |
| Cold Applications | cryotherapy to reduce the pain, swelling, body temperature, and control bleeding |
| Dry Cold | cold compress dry against the skin such as ice bags, ice collars, and hypothermia blankets |
| Heat Applications | thermotherapy used to decrease pain, increase drainage from infected area, increase circulation to an area, combat infection, and relieve muscle spasms or increase muscle before activity |
| Moist Heat | applications are warm and wet against the skin and more penetrating in relieving pain and increase circulation to an area |
| Sitz Bath | usually used for the perineal area following birth or hemorrhoid treatment |
| Hydrocollator Packs | gel-filled packs which are warmed in bath water 150-170 degrees and provides heat for 30 minutes and used prior to ROM |
| Paraffin Wax | used in arthritis or prior to ROM |
| Vasodilation | heat causes blood vessels to become larger allowing more oxygen and nutrients to the inured area |
| Vasoconstriction | cold application causes blood vessels to constrict and reduce swelling along with having a numbing effect and reducing pain. |
