| A | B |
|---|
| Which event drew attention to the issue of unsafe working conditions in sweatshops during the early 1900s? | Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire |
| What were the journalists who supported progressive causes called? | muckrakers |
| Who wrote about the urban slums in "How the Other Half Lives"? | Jacob Riis |
| What issue did Upton Sinclair draw attention to in "The Jungle"? | meatpacking industry/sanitation |
| Which progressive movement emphasized providing charity to the poor? | Social Gospel |
| The establishment of Hull House is an example of the Social Gospel movement promoted by which individual? | Jane Addams |
| What policy did President Roosevelt use to protect the environment? | conservation |
| What acts were part of Roosevelt' "Square Deal"? | Meat Inspection Act, Pure Food and Drug Act, railroad regulation |
| What progressive reforms were used to reduce the power of political machines? | primary elections, direct election of U.S. Senators, secret ballot |
| What party was formed to support President Roosevelt's campaign for president in 1912? | Progressive/Bull Moose party |
| Who won the presidential election of 1912? | Woodrow Wilson (Dem.) |
| What act was passed under Woodrow Wilson to regulate the nation's banking and financial system? | Federal Reserve Act |
| What act was passed under President Woodrow Wilson to strengthen the government's ability to stop trusts from forming monopolies? | Clayton Antitrust Act |
| Which leader supported vocational education to improve African-American society? | Booker T. Washington |
| Which African-American leader demanded immediate social and political equality? | W.E.B. Dubois |
| Which organization was formed to fight for the civil rights of African-Americans? | NAACP |
| What methods were used in Southern states to disenfranchise African-Americans? | poll taxes, literacy tests, grandfather clauses |
| What laws were passed in Southern states to discriminate against African-Americans? | Jim Crow |
| What practice was supported by the Supreme Court's ruling in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson? | segregation |
| What economic reforms were supported by the Progressive movement | regulating big business, "trust busting" |
| Which progressive cause became the law under the Eighteenth Amendment was ratified? | prohibition of alcohol (temperance) |
| What hardships did farmers face in the West? | falling crop prices and high railroad shipping rates |
| What political party was formed by farmers' alliances? | the Populist party |
| List the economic reforms supported by the Populists. | government regulation of the railroads, bimetallism |
| What money policy was supported by big business and the Republican party in the late-1800s? | Gold standard |
| What money policy was supported by the Populists? | bimetallism |
| Which legislation was passed to regulate the railroads? | Interstate Commerce Act |
| What policy was promoted in the "Cross of Gold Speech" by Democratic candidate William Jennings Bryan in the 1896 presidential campaign? | bimetallism |
| Who won the presidential election of 1896? | William McKinley (Rep.) |
| Which political party adopted the ideas of the Populists? | Democratic party |
| Which act was passed to restrict the forming of monopolies? | Sherman Anti-trust Act |
| Which individual emphasized the need to create a strong, modern navy? | Alfred Mahan |
| What did the United States create to become a world power at the beginning of the 1900s? | strong navy (ex. Great White Fleet) |
| Which theory promoted the superiority of "Anglo-Saxon" culture to support imperialism? | Social Darwinism |
| What do you call the foreign policy that the United States used to acquire colonies during the late-1800s? | imperialism |
| What goals were reasons for American expansion as a world power in the late 1800s? | naval bases, new markets, Social Darwinism |
| Which territorial acquisition was referred to as "Seward's Folly"? | Alaska |
| What president supported the annexation of Hawaii? | William McKinley |
| What cause of the Spanish-American war were newspaper editors Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst associated with? | yellow journalism |
| Which event led to the Spanish-American War? | explosion of the U.S.S. Maine |
| What was the status of Cuba after the Spanish-American War | independence...it was freed |
| What was President Theodore Roosevelt's use of power in foreign affairs called? | "Big stick" diplomacy |
| What achievement was a result of Theodore Roosevelt's "Big stick" diplomacy? | the Panama canal |
| What was the goal of the "Open Door" policy? | open trade in China |
| What role did the U.S. take in Latin America as a result of the Roosevelt Corollary? | international police power |
| Which policy was used by President William Howard Taft to support U.S. business interests in Latin America and China? | dollar diplomacy |
| Which policy was used by President Woodrow Wilson to support democracy in Latin America? | missionary diplomacy |
| What territories did the U.S. acquire as a result of the Spanish-American War? | Phillippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico |
| Which word means to "add territory"? | annexation |
| What was one of the effects of increased immigration to the United States in the late 1800s? | cheap labor, urbanization, ethnic neighborhoods |
| What process do labor unions try to use to secure a contract with good wages and better working conditions? | collective bargaining |
| What industry was controlled by Andrew Carnegie? | steel |
| Which trust enabled John D. Rockefeller to control the oil industry? | Standard Oil |
| What was J.P. Morgan associated with? | banking and finance |
| What term describes an economic system with very little government regulation? | laissez-faire capitalism |
| Which methods were used by business leaders to grow the size of their companies? | horizontal and vertical integration |
| What business structure enabled business leaders to eliminate competition during the late-1800s? | trust |
| What term is used to describe the efforts to oppose foreign immigration? | nativism |
| Which theory explained the growing wealth of America's business leaders during the late-1800s? | Social Darwinism |
| What is associated with Andrew Carnegie's "Gospel of Wealth"? | donating funds to libraries, schools, and hospitals |
| What did workers form to fight for better working conditions in the late 1800s? | labor unions |
| What tactic did the American Federation of Labor (AFL) use achieve their goals? | strikes and collective bargaining |
| What is it called when a labor union refuses to work until they are paid higher wages? | strike |
| What tactic did business leaders use to stop strikes? | injunction |
| What were the organizations that controlled local and state political parties in the late-1800s called? | political machines |
| Which act was passed to end the corruption caused by the spoils system? | Pendleton Civil Service Act |
| What did reformers like Jane Addams establish to aid immigrants in urban areas? | settlement houses |
| Political machines grew in power by attracting the support of which group? | immigrants |
| What event caused World War I? | assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand |
| Which nations were among the Allies? | Britain, France, Russia, Italy |
| Which nations were the Central Powers? | Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Turks |
| What was the U.S. foreign policy towards European affairs prior to World War I? | neutrality/isolationism |
| Which event threatened American neutrality during World War I? | sinking of the Lusitania |
| What were the reasons for U.S. entry into World War I? | unrestricted submarine warfare, Zimmerman telegram |
| What idealistic goal did Woodrow Wilson have in World War I? | peace without victory |
| Where was the Western Front in World War I? | France |
| What did Congress enact to draft troops during World War I? | Selective Service Act |
| What did the U.S. government produce to make the war popular with the American people? | propaganda |
| How did the U.S. government finance the war effort during World War I? | liberty bonds |
| What did Congress enact to limit free speech and prevent anti-war activism during World War I? | Espionage and Sedition Acts |
| Which Supreme Court decision upheld the government's ability to limit civil liberties during war-time? | Schenck v. United States (1919) |
| What did the Food administration encourage during World War I? | rationing |
| What progressive reform was a result of women's efforts during World War I? | 19th Amendment/suffrage |
| What were Wilson's plans for peace after World War I called? | Fourteen points |
| Which international alliance was proposed in Wilson's Fourteen points? | League of Nations |
| Which nations were the "Big Four" that created the Treaty of Versailles? | Britain, France, United States, Italy |
| What was a result of the Treaty of Versailles? | punishment of Germany; League of Nations |
| What part of the Treaty of Versailles resulted in Senator Henry Cabot Lodges efforts to oppose the Treaty? | League of Nations |
| During the 1920s, which scandal exposed the bribery of Warren G. Harding's cabinet by business interests? | Teapot Dome |
| Which economic policy benefitted big business during the 1920s? | laissez faire capitalism |
| What was a result of "buying on margin" and overspeculation in the stock market during the 1920s? | Stock Market Crash of 1929 or "Black Tuesday" |
| What was President Herbert Hoover's preferred approach to dealing with the economic depression of the early 1930s? | voluntary cooperation |
| Which president supported direct relief from government to address the problems of the economic crisis of the 1930s? | Franklin Roosevelt |
| What business cycle was the U.S. economy in during the 1920s? | economic expansion |
| Which financial practices encouraged consumers to borrow money for household purchases during the 1920s? | easy credit and the installment plan |
| What were the shantytowns built by the homeless during the early stages of the Great Depression called? | Hoovervilles |
| During the Depression of the 1930s, how did charities provide relief to Americans suffering from hunger? | Soup kitchens and Bread lines |
| President Hoover's re-election campaign was damaged by his use of troops against which group? | the Bonus Army |
| Speakeasies and bootlegging were developed illegally because of which policy during the 1920s? | prohibition |
| Which music was popularized during the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s by Louis Armstrong and other black entertainers? | Jazz |
| Which new technology was developed during the 1920s? | radio |
| What did President Franklin Roosevelt use to deliver his "fireside chats" to the American people? | radio |
| Which group represented social change for women during the 1920s? | flappers |
| Which group exemplified the prejudice against immigrants and African-Americans and immigrants during the 1920s? | Ku Klux Klan |
| Which cultural movement was associated with African-American culture and black pride during the 1920s? | The Harlem Renaissance |
| Which event is an example of nativism during the 1920s? | the Sacco and Vanzetti trial |
| Which event exemplified the conflict between religion and modern science during the 1920s? | the John T. Scopes trial |
| Which policy was supported the strongest by Christian fundamentalists such as Billy Sunday? | prohibition |
| What was President Franklin Roosevelt's proposals to deal with the Great Depression called? | New Deal |
| What did President Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal provide to people suffering from the Great Depression? | direct government relief |
| Which New Deal programs provided jobs to the unemployed? | Works Progress Administration (WPA) and Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) |
| Which New Deal program increased farmers' incomes? | Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) |
| Which New Deal program regulated business? | National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) |
| Which New Deal program built dams for hydroelectric power in the South? | Tennesse Valley Authority (TVA) |
| Which New Deal Program insured banking deposits to restore public confidence in the banks? | Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) |
| Which sector of the economy did not prosper during the 1920s? | agriculture/farmers |
| Which group benefited from the National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act)? | labor unions |
| Which government agency was created under the New Deal to regulate trade in the stock market? | Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) |
| What did President Franklin Roosevelt do during his "First Hundred Days" to prevent bank failures? | Bank holiday and emergency banking relief |
| What New Deal program provides direct benefits to the elderly and disabled? | Social Security |
| What was established under the Fair Labor Standards Act? | minimum wage and forty-hour work week |
| How did President Roosevelt try to prevent the Supreme Court from striking down key pieces of the New Deal? | "court packing" bill |
| What is the long-term impact of the New Deal? | increased government involvement and regulation |
| Which period of Roosevelt's presidency involved a series of emergency measures and government programs to provide direct relief against the Great Depression? | the "First Hundred Days" |
| How did the Hawley-Smoot tariff make the depression worse? | caused a decline in world trade |
| What was the most significant cause of the Great Depression? | bank failures |
| Who was the communist dictator of the Soviet Union during the 1930s and 1940s? | Josef Stalin |
| What was the foreign policy of the United States when World War II began in the 1930s? | neutrality |
| What was Nazi Germany's "Final Solution" for dealing with the Jews? | the Holocaust (death camps) |
| Which policy did the British and French use in the Munich pact to avoid war with Nazi Germany? | appeasement |
| What was Nazi Germany's military conquest of western Europe called during World War II? | blitzkreig |
| What acts allowed the United States to aid Britain with military supplies? | Lend-Lease |
| During World War II, which nations formed the Axis powers? | Germany, Italy, Japan |
| Which event resulted in the beginning of World War II in Europe? | Nazi Germany's invasion of Poland |
| Who led the British against Nazi Germany during World War II? | Winston Churchill |
| What event brought the U.S. into World War II? | Pearl Harbor |
| What was the U.S. military strategy in the Pacific against the Japanese during World War II? | island hopping |
| Who commanded American forces in the Pacific during World War II? | General Douglas MacArthur |
| Who was the Supreme Commander of the Allied forces in Europe during World War II? | General Dwight D. Eisenhower |
| Which battle was the turning point that stopped Japanese expansion in the Pacific during World War II? | Midway |
| Which battle was the turning point that resulted in Nazi Germany's defeat on the eastern front in the Soviet Union? | Stalingrad |
| Which battles were part of the island-hopping campaign to defeat Japan during World War II? | Iwo Jima, Okinawa |
| Which military campaign was the turning point that resulted in the Allies' invasion of France during World War II? | D-Day (Operation Overlord) |
| Which battle was the final offensive by Nazi Germany during World War II? | Battle of the Bulge |
| What scientific project resulted in the creation of the atomic bomb during World War II? | Manhattan Project |
| Who became the president of the United States after the death of Franklin Roosevelt in 1945? | Harry Truman |
| What did President Truman do during World War II to force Japan's unconditional surrender? | atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki |
| Which war-time policy was challenged in the case of Korematsu v. United States (1944)? | Japanese internment camps |
| What war-time policy affected American's daily ability to acquire food and fuel on the Homefront during World War II? | rationing |
| What important contribution did women make to the war effort during World War II? | war production---working in weapons and war material factories ("Rosie the Riveter" |
| What international organization was established after World War II to maintain world peace? | United Nations |
| What progressive reforms were used to reduce the power of political machines? | primary elections, direct election of U.S. Senators (17th Amendment) |
| Who won the presidential election of 1912? | Woodrow Wilson (Dem.) |
| What act was passed under President Woodrow Wilson to strengthen the government's ability to stop trusts from forming monopolies? | Clayton Antitrust Act |
| How did the U.S. government pay for the war effort during World War II? | war bonds |
| Which act provided low-cost home loans and free college tuition to World War II veterans? | the G.I. bill |
| What term is used to describe the large generation of Americans born in the decade after World War II? | Baby boomers |
| The Levittown approach of mass produced housing and the construction of interstate highways in the '50s caused Americans to move to what locations? | suburbs |
| What international organization was established after World War II to maintain world peace? | United Nations |
| What strategy did Martin Luther King Jr. use? | non-violence; civil disobedience |
| What was the long period of confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union called after World War II? | the Cold War |
| Which plan was developed to provide aid for rebuilding Europe after World War II? | the Marshall plan |
| What strategy was used by the Truman administration to stop the spread of communism? | containment |
| What was the Truman administration's goal in the Korean War? | containment |
| Which government agency was used by Eisenhower to improve U.S. efforts to collect information and conduct covert operations in the Cold War? | CIA |
| Which incident damaged President Eisenhower's opportunity to improve U.S. relations with the Soviet Union? | U-2 incident |
| Which event damaged the Kennedy administration's attempt to contain communism during the Cold War? | Bay of Pigs |
| Which event nearly resulted in the Kennedy administration's use of force against the Soviet Union during the Cold War? | Cuban Missile Crisis |
| What symbolized Soviet communist control in Berlin during the Cold War? | Berlin Wall |
| Which conflict was an example of a UN police action to contain communism? | Korean War |
| What international alliance was created during the Cold War to defend western Europe against Soviet aggression? | N.A.T.O. (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) |
| What was the result of the investigations done by the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) during the Red Scare? | Hollywood blacklists |
| What was the goal of President Truman's "Fair Deal"? | progressive reforms---national healthcare, federal support for education, civil rights |
| Which act was passed to limit strikes and weaken labor unions like the AFL-CIO? | Taft-Hartley Act |
| What event resulted in new legislation to improve science and math education for national defense during the Cold War? | Sputnik |
| What technology had the greatest impact on American social life during the 1950s? | television and automobiles |
| What action was led by Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr. to protest segregated busing? | Montgomery bus boycott |
| What ended segregation in public schools? | Brown v. Board of Education (1954) |
| Which group's action resulted in the Eisenhower administration's use of troops to integrate the public schools? | the Little Rock Nine |
| How did the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (S.N.C.C.) protest segregation in restaurants and lunch-counters? | sit-ins |
| What was the goal of the "Freedom Riders"? | end segregation in interstate busing |
| The "March on Washington" was an event to support which cause? | civil rights for African-Americans |
| Which legislation banned segregation in public accomodations and discrimination in the workplace? | Civil Rights Act of 1964 |
| Which legislation resulted in more federal protection for African-American suffrage? | Voting Rights Act of 1965 |
| Which organization played a leading role in the women's liberation movement? | National Organization for Women (NOW) |
| The women's liberation movement campaigned to ratify which failed constitutional amendment? | Equal Rights Amendment |
| What was the goal of Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society? | end poverty and racial discrimination |
| What programs were created under Lyndon B. Johnson's "Great Society" legislation to aid the poor? | Medicaid Medicare, Food stamps, Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Head Start |
| What was the goal of American military involvement in Vietnam? | containment |
| Which resolution enabled President Lyndon Johnson to increase America's involvement in Vietnam? | Gulf of Tonkin Resolution |
| Which nuclear arms reduction treaty was signed between Richard Nixon and the Soviet Union in 1972? | SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Agreement) |
| What was the turning point that resulted in a loss of public support for President Johnson's handling of the Vietnam War? | Tet Offensive |
| Which group organized protests against U.S. military involvement in Vietnam? | Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) |
| Which 1960s social movement is associated with the Haight-Ashbury section of San Francisco, sex, drugs, and rock music? | counter-culture or "hippies" |
| Riots at which event demonstrated the division in American society created by the Vietnam War? | the Democratic National Convention of 1968 |
| Which presidential candidate was elected in 1968 by promising "peace with honor" in Vietnam and "law and order" at home? | Richard Nixon |
| What was President Richard Nixon's strategy in Vietnam? | Vietnamization |
| What military action did Richard Nixon take that resulted in massive anti-war protests in the United States? | invading Cambodia & Laos |
| Which event did the anti-war movement use to focus on atrocities committed by U.S. soldiers in Vietnam? | My Lai massacre |
| Which classified documents damaged American credibility in the Vietnam War after they were released to the public? | Pentagon Papers |
| In which event did anti-war protests against Nixon's invasion of Cambodia result in the killing of student protestors by Ohio national guardsman? | Kent State |
| Which constitutional amendment resulted in suffrage for 18-year olds? | 26th Amendment |
| Which act was passed by Congress to limit President Nixon's ability to use the U.S. military in Vietnam? | War Powers Act (1973) |
| Which theory resulted in U.S. military involvement in Vietnam? | Domino theory |
| What was President Nixon's foreign policy to improve relations with the Soviet Union and China called? | Detente |
| What event symbolized the failure to prevent the spread of communism in Vietnam? | Fall of Saigon (1975) |
| Whose policy is associated with "New Federalism" involving the return of some powers to the states? | President Richard Nixon |
| Which Supreme Court decision supported the constitutional right to have an abortion? | Roe v. Wade |
| The women's liberation movement campaigned to ratify which failed constitutional amendment? | Equal Rights Amendment |
| Which federal law requires schools to provide equal access for women to educational and athletic opportunities? | Title IX |
| What were some of the results of environmentalism in the 1960s and 1970s? | Clean Water Act, Clean Air Act, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) |
| Whose policy is associated with "New Federalism" involving the return of some powers to the states? | President Richard Nixon |
| What was upheld by the Supreme Court's decision in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools (1971)? | forced busing/integration programs |
| What was upheld by the Supreme Court in the case of Bakke v. University of California Board of Regents (1978)? | affirmative action |
| Which movement was a result of Rachel Carson's "Silent Spring"? | environmentalism |
| What economic problems did the United States face during the 1970s? | energy crisis, stagflation |
| What problem was President Ford addressing with his WIN program? | inflation/stagflation |
| What was a result of the energy crisis during the 1970s? | high energy prices, energy conservation |
| Which incident resulted in increased fears of using nuclear power in the United States? | Three Mile Island |
| Which scandal resulted in the resignation of President Nixon? | Watergate |
| Which court decision ordered President Nixon to release the White House tapes to the Senate Watergate committee? | U.S. v. Nixon |
| Who became the president of the United States after Nixon resigned from office? | Gerald Ford |
| Which candidate won the presidential election of 1976 by promising to restore faith and honesty in government again? | Jimmy Carter |
| What peace treaty was negotiated between Israel and Egypt by President Jimmy Carter? | Camp David Accords |
| Which event resulted in a loss of public confidence in President Carter's foreign policy? | Iran Hostage crisis |
| What was Ronald Reagan's missile defense plan called? | Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) or "Star Wars" |
| Which scandal involved the Reagan administration's illegal support of anti-communist rebels? | Iran-Contra |
| Which Soviet leader introduced reforms in the Soviet Union? | Mikhail Gorbachev |
| Which treaty was made between Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev to eliminate intermediate-range nuclear missiles? | INF treaty |
| Which event symbolized the fall of communism in eastern Europe and the end of the Cold War? | the fall of the Berlin Wall |
| What event was the result of Saddam Hussein's invasion of Kuwait in 1990? | Persian Gulf War |
| Which judicial philosophy did most of the Justices appointed appointed to the Supreme Court by presidents Reagan and Bush have? (ex. William Rehnquist, Sandra Day O'Conner, and Clarence Thomas) | conservative |
| What economic policy was implemented by President Reagan? | Supply-side economics |
| What were the primary features of Reagan's supply-side economic policies? | tax cuts and deregulation |
| Cutting taxes to create wealth is an example of which economic theory? | "trickle down" or supply-side |
| What was the primary economic problem under presidents Reagan and Bush during the 1980s and early 1990s? | budget deficits |
| Which candidate won the presidential election of 1992 by campaigning as a moderate "New Democrat"? | Bill Clinton |
| Where did President Clinton send U.S. troops as part of an international effort to stop genocide during the 1990s? | Bosnia |
| Which president led the international military action against Saddam Hussein in the Persian Gulf War of 1991? | George H.W. Bush |
| Which controversial reform proposed by the Clinton administration failed due to a lack of political support? | national health care plan |
| What treaty increased trade by eliminating tariffs and other trade barriers between the United States, Canada, and Mexico? | North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) |
| Which plan for conservative ideas was developed by Republican congressman Newt Gingrich in 1994? | Contract with America |
| On which issue did political disagreements between Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich and President Bill Clinton lead to a government shut-down in 1995? | budget battle |
| What government program was reformed by the Republican Congress and President Bill Clinton in 1996? | welfare |
| Recent immigration has resulted in which group becoming the largest ethnic minority in the United States? | Hispanics |
| Which area of the country has had the fastest population growth in recent decades? | Sunbelt |
| What technology became widely available in the 1980s? | computers |
| What technology resulted in a boom in the NASDAQ during the 1990s? | Internet |
| Which individual is best known for his involvement in the computer revolution of the 1980s and 1990s? | Bill Gates |
| What was Bill Clinton impeached for in the Monica Lewinsky scandal? | obstruction of justice and lying under oath |
| Which government programs are going to be affected by the aging U.S. population in the future? | Social Security and Medicare |
| Which court decision ended the Florida recounts in the presidential election of 2000? | Bush v. Gore |
| Which legislation was enacted under the Bush administration to reform public education through increased accountability and school choice? | No Child Left Behind |
| Which terrorist network attacked the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on Sept. 11, 2001? | Al-Queda |
| Which cabinet-level department was created after the Sept. 11 attacks to coordinate counter-terrorism and emergency response efforts? | Department of Homeland Security |
| What government action affected American daily life the most after the Sept. 11 attacks? | airport security |
| After the Sept. 11 attacks, what legislation was passed to improve the government's ability to investigate terrorist threats? | Patriot Act |
| Who did the United States take military action against immediately after the Sept. 11 attacks? | Taliban regime (Afghanistan) |
| Which nations did President George W. Bush refer to as an "Axis of Evil" after the Sept. 11 attacks? | Iraq, Iran, and North Korea |
| What was the result of the Bush doctrine to prevent attacks against the United States? | pre-emptive strike/invasion of Iraq |
