| A | B |
|---|
| alelle | alternate forms of a gene for each variation of a trait |
| ATP | energy storing molecule in a cell |
| autosomes | pairs of matching homologous chromosomes in somatic cells |
| carrier | an individual heterozygous for a specific trait |
| centromere | cell structure that joins two sister chromatids of a chromosome |
| chromatin | long strands of DNA that condense to form chromasomes |
| chromosomes | cell structures that carry the genetic material passed from generation to generation |
| codominant alleles | pattern where phenotypes of both homozygote parents so that both alleles are expressed |
| DNA | a nucleic acid that contains the instructions used to form all oforganism's enzymes and structural protein |
| diploid | a cell with two of each kind of chromosomes |
| dominant | observed trait of an organism that masks the recessive form of a trait |
| frameshift mutation | mutation that occurs when a single base is added or deleted from DNA |
| gene | segment of DNA that controls the protein production and cell cycle |
| genetics | branch of biology that studies heredity |
| haploid | cell with one of each kind of chromosome |
| heterozygous | when there are two different alleles for a trait |
| homologous chromosomes | paired chromosomes with genes for the same traits arranged in the same order |
| homozygous | when there are tow identical alleles fpr a trait |
| meiosis | type of cell division where a cell produces 4 gametes each containing half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell |
| mitosis | cell division in which two daughter cells are formed, each containing a complete set of chromosomes |
| nitrogenous base | carbon ring structure found in DNA or RNA |
| nucleic acid | complex biomolecules, RNA or DNA, that store cellular information |
| nucleotides | subunits of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base |
| sister chromatids | identical halves of a duplicated parent chromosome, held together by a centromere |
