| A | B |
|---|
| Nitrogen Bases | For example, adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine |
| Double Helix | Watson and Crick found the structure of DNA to have this shape. |
| Replication | When DNA makes an exact copy of itself. |
| Gene | A portion of a DNA molecule that is the code for a single protein. |
| Codon | A triplet on mRNA. |
| Transcription | The process of making a mRNA from the DNA in the nucleus |
| mRNA | Carries the code from DNA to the ribosome. |
| tRNA | Brings amino acids to the ribosome. |
| Translation | The process of making protein from the codons on the mRNA |
| Mutation | Any mistake or change in the DNA sequence. |
| Point Mutation | A change in a single base pair of DNA. |
| Frame Shift Mutation | A mutation in which a single base is added or deleted from DNA. |
| Chromosomal Mutation | A mutation at the chromosome level. |
| Nondisjunction | The failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis. |
| Karyotype | A charted arrangement of chromosomes. |
| Trisomy | When a zygote gets an extra chromosome. |
| Monosomy | When a zygote is missing a chromosome. |
| Chargaff's rule | T=A and G=C |
| Central Dogma | DNA makes mRNA which makes Proteins |
| Genome | All of an organisms genetic material that is contained in the nucleus |
