| A | B |
|---|
| Exchequer | treasury |
| Jury | group of men sworn to speak the truth |
| Domesday Book | a comprehensive survey of all the landholdings or properties in England. |
| Parliament | an English advising body that was composed of the House of Nobles and the House of Commons |
| Louis IX | a French King who improved royal government by using roving officials expading royal courts ended serfdom and outlawing private wars” |
| Philip IV | a French King who thought the Monarchy should exert control over the papacy and attempted to tax the church |
| Estates General | a French advising body composed of three classes nobles clergy and commoners |
| common law | a legal system based on custom and court ruling |
| William the Conqueror | a King of England who came from Normandy established the Domesday book and the Great Council |
| Henry II | a King of England who established the use of common law and juries |
| Thomas Beckett | the archbishop of Canterbury who fought with Henry II over trying the clergy in the King’s court |
| Magna Carta | a document that King John was forced to sign by his nobles that gave nobles more freedoms and restricted the power of the king |
| Edward | an Anglo-Saxon King of England who died without a male heir to the throne |
| John | King of England who was the son of King Henry II he was very unpopular because he taxed the people heavily |
| Harold | the brother-in-law of King Edward who was defeated at the Battle of Hastings by Duke William |
| Hugh Capet | named the King of France by other nobles he ruled the small Ile de France |
| Philip II | a French King who quadrupled French land holdings |
| Holy Roman Empire | considered the weakest monarchy in Europe because of conflicts between church and state |
| Gregory VII | the pope who argued with Henry IV over lay investiture |
| Henry IV | “emperor of the Holy Roman Empire who fought with Pope Gregory VII over lay investiture he did penance in the snow for three days |
| Concordant of Worms | an agreement over the lay investiture issue in which it was decided that popes would name their bishops while monarchs could assign cathedrals or parishes |
| Innocent III | “the most powerful medieval pope who fought with King John of England Philip II of France and crushed the Albigensians in a bloody crusade” |
| Otto I | this Holy Roman Emperor was rewarded for his service to the Pope by being crowned like Charlemagne |
| Frederick Barbarossa | a Holy Roman Emperor whose nickname was Red Beard and who died at sea on his way to the third crusade |
| Frederick II | “a Holy Roman Emperor who attempted to take Southern Italy and Sicily but wasted valuable resources while the feudal lords increased in strength” |
| lay investiture | a practice by which a King or feudal lord chooses the bishop or archbishop |
| Albigensians | a group in France that wanted to purify the Church and return to the simpler ways of early Christianity |
| levy | to collect |
