| A | B |
|---|
| Acceleration | Change in velocity with respect to time (an increase in speed, a decrease in speed, or a change in direction). |
| Acceleration (Graph) | Acceleration (an increase in speed) is shown by a line curving upward. |
| Action | The force of one object applies to a second, as in Newton’s third law of motion, which states “for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.” |
| Balanced Forces | Forces that cancel each other out when acting together on a single object. |
| Constant speed (Graph) | Constant speed is shown by straight lines on a graph. |
| Deceleration (Slowing down) Graph | Deceleration is shown by a downward sloping line. |
| Force | A push or pull exerted by one object on another, causing a change in motion. |
| Friction | A force that opposes the motion of one object moving past another. |
| Gravity | The force of attraction between any two objects due to their mass. |
| Inertia | The tendency of a moving object to resist a change in its state of motion. |
| Kinetic Energy | The energy of any moving object. |
| Mass | The amount of matter in an object (does not change depending on gravity). |
| Newton’s 1st Law of Motion | Also called the “Law of Inertia.” Objects at rest stay at rest and objects traveling at a steady rate in a straight line continue that way until a force acts on them. |
| Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion | Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass. Acceleration of an object depends on its mass and size and direction of the force acting on it. Force = mass X acceleration (F = m X a) |
| Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion | For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. |
| Newton’s Law of Gravity | The force of gravity between 2 objects INCREASES with the mass of the objects and DECREASES with the distance between them. |
| Object at rest (graph) | An object at rest (not moving) is shown as a horizontal line. |
| Reaction | The force with which an object responds to an action, as in Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion. |
| Simple machine | A machine with few moving parts, making it easier to do work. |
| Speed | How fast an object’s position changes with time at any given moment. |
| Time-distance Graph | A graph showing how far an object travels over time. |
| Unbalanced forces | Forces that do not cancel each other out when acting together on a single object. |
| Velocity | The speed and direction of a moving object. |
| Volume | The amount of space an object occupies. |
| Weight | The force of attraction between Earth and an object. |
| Work | The use of force to move an object a certain distance. |
