| A | B |
|---|
| atom | the smallest unit of matter |
| element | a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler parts by chemical means |
| valence electron | the outermost electron of an atom |
| compound | a substance made up of two or more different atoms |
| molecule | smallest particle in a chemical element or compound that has the chemical properties of that element or compound. |
| ion | a charged atom |
| cohesion | a force that holds moelcules together |
| adhesion | a force between two bodies of different substances |
| solution | a homogenous mixture made from a solute dissolving in a solvent |
| acid | a substance that produces hydrogen ions in solution |
| base | a substance that accepts hydrogen ions in solution |
| pH | the hydrogen ion concentration |
| buffer | a solution that resists changes in pH |
| carbohydrate | a biomolecule consisting of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds |
| lipid | a biomolecule that is not soluble in water |
| protein | a biomolecule that consists of amino acids linked by peptide bonds |
| amino acid | the building block of proteins |
| nucleic acid | a biomolecule that consists of nucleotides linked by phosphodiester bonds |
| nucleotide | the building block of nucleic acids that consists of a sugar, a phosphate and a base |
| DNA | the genetic material of cells that is located in the nucleus |
| RNA | a single strand copy of DNA that is often translated into protein |
| ATP | the cellular form of energy; adenosine triphosphate |
| energy | the ability to do work |
| reactant | a substance that participates in a chemical reaction |
| product | a substance that results from a chemical reaction |
| activation energy | the minimum amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction |
| enzyme | protein molecules that act as catalysts for biochemical reactions |
| active site | the site on an enzyme where the substrate binds |
| substrate | the molecule that binds to the active site of an enzyme and gets converted into the product of the reaction |
