| A | B |
|---|
| classical | Culture, period, or style that sets standards |
| enslaved | Refers to people who are forced against their will into a system of slavery |
| eternal | unending |
| caste | social class |
| noble | The highest caste along with soldiers after the pharoahs |
| subsist | To live, but in great poverty |
| Ancient Classical Season | 6000 B.C.E. - 525 B.C.E. - Traditions for kings, queens, and military leaders were established; rituals and beliefs of religions were created and consolidated; Great Pyramids built in Nubia and Kemet; art forms became standardized and classical. |
| unity | The African idea of balance, or balance of dual or opposite forces, so that harmony exists. |
| pylon | This architectural development |
| vizier | An important ruling position similar to a prime minister today, second in power and importance only to the pharaoh. |
| calendar | A chart or system that tracks time into useful divisions such as days and weeksIts earliest development, that we use today, originated in ancient Egypt. It was based on 365 1/4 days long, and was based on the earth's orbit around the sun. All Egyptian months hasd 30 days, with five extra holidays following the last month of the year. It was critical to ancient Egyptians because it told them when to expect the Nile to rise and fall. |
| theology | The religious philosophies and beliefs of the major Egyptian gods were distinctly different, just as each religion today has one that is distinctly different. |
| Moscow Papyrus and Rhind Papyrus | The two math books that existed more than 2,000 years before the civilizations of Greece or Rome. |
| Kemet | The name the ancient Africans affectionately called their own land |
| Second Classical Season | 525 B. C. E.- 641 C.E. - African history and knowledge concerning the arts, sciences, and math spread throughout the world; Greek philosophers studied with great African scholars. |
| Third Classical Season | 641 C.E. - 1600 C.E. - The religion of Islam introduced into Africa; great African empires (e.g. Ghana, Mali, Songhay) flourished. |
| Egypt | The name the Greeks gave to Kemet |
| duality | Double, both sides or opposites together, as the African idea of opposite forces within the king. |
| medu neter | The earliest language known that was spoken by the ancient Egyptians |
| Menes | (a.k.a. Narmer) He started the first dynasty, or ruling family, and so he passed the rule down to his children and the concept down to the world. He was the first pharaoh to govern the entire Nile Valley. (3100 B.C.E.) |
| continent | a large, continuous mass of land |
| jihad | Islamic religious wars |
| inundation | The period in Egypt from June to September when the Nile's waters overflow its banks. |
| inscription | something that is written, engraved, or imprinted |
| indigenous | native-born people of a region, or something produced or grown in a region |
| descendant | A child, grandchild, and so forth, of a person |
| astronomy | The study of matter and objects that are outside the Earth's atmosphere. |
| catalog | A list of items |
| civilization | A culture with a very high level of thougt, manners, and taste. |
| desert | An arid, barren land, usually incapable of supporting human life without a water supply that is provided by artificial means |
| Emergence | The season in Egypt when the waters of the Nile match their peak in September and begin to recede |
| geometry | A branch of math that deals with the measurement and relationships of angles, solids, lines, and surfaces; developed by ancient Africans, it was used by Egyptians to measure land and to settle boundary disputes |
| hieroglyphics | Ancient Egyptian writings that were a mixture of pictograms, signs, symbols, and syllables |
| omnipresence | Being present in all ways, all places, all the time; controlling all the opposing forces and keeping them in harmony and unity |
| papyrus | Lightweight writing paper made from the papyrus plant; the first form of paper, it was made in Kemet. |
| pharoah | A king of Egypt (commonly); when Hatshepsut became the first woman pharoah o Egypt, she insisted on being called "king". |
| colonnade | A series of stone columns set at regular intervals, usually supporting the base of a roof. |
| procession | A group of people walking as part of a ceremony |
| Rosetta stone | A solid black slab; translating the message on it gave scholars the key to ancient Egyptian writing |
| pyramid | A giant structure; four stone triangles whose points meet at the top; used as tombs by ancient Egyptian royalty |
| savanna | A treeless, grassy plain |
| scribe | An honored official who was given the task of writing down all the important events |
| sphinx | A giant Egyptian statue usually with a woman's head and a lion's body; myth said that the sphinx would kill anyone who was unable to answer the riddle it asked. |
| stela | a stone slab or pillar built to honor a god or royalty |
| tradition | An established pattern of thought, action or behavior that people have inherited or follow by custom |
| worship | Honor that is offered to a divine being or a god; to respect or honor a divine being or supernatural power |
| theology | The study of a god or gods and their relation to the world |
| tropical | Describes a frost-free area with temperatures high enough for year-round plant growth, given sufficient moisture |
| Abu Simbel | Site of two rok temples of Ramses II (built around 1250 B.C.E.). |
| Abydos | Ancient town on the Nile in southern Egypt, south of Thebes. |
| Akhenaten | Name chosen by Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep IV (circa 14th century B.C.E.) |
| Amen | Egyptian: called "the hidden;" the great sun god of the city of Thebes and one of the supreme gods in ancient Egypt; his temple at Karnak is a great architectural achievement |
| Asclepios | Greek god of medicine who, in real life, was the Egyptian Imhotep, who laid the foundations for the study and practice of medicine. |
| Atum | Egyptian: called "the Almighty;" one of the supreme sun gods in ancient Egypt; worshipped in the city of Heliopolis |
| Hapi | god of the Nile River. |
| Hatshepsut | First woman pharaoh of Egypt; also known as Ma'at Ka Re; built many obelisks and stela to praise the gods; sent explorers and traders to the east coast of Africa (16th - 15 century B.C.E.) |
| Heliopolis | Ancient holy city in Lower Egypt dedicated to worship of the gods Atum and the sun god Ra; two of its most famed obelisks were called Cleopatra's Needles. |
| Horus | Egyptian god of the sky; the 'living ruler." |
| Imhotep | 28th century B.C.E. vizier (prime minister) of Egypt; architect who built the Step Pyramid at Sakkar, the first pyramid used as a king's tomb; discovered the source of the Blue Nile in Nubia; worshipped as a god of medicine because of his advances. |
| Isis | Egyptian mother goddess and protector of the dead, wife of Osiris and mother of Horus. |
| Kemet | the African name of ancient Egypt before the Greeks changed it to Aigyptos. |
| Kush | Ancient country in the Nile valley adjoinging Egypt; one of the two great parts of the Nubian kingdom. |
| Khafre | 26th century B.C.E. king of Egypt and son of King Khufu; erected the second-largest pyramid in Egypt, near his father's at Giza. |
| Khufu | also known by the Greek name Cheops. 26th century B.C.E. king of Egypt; erected the Great Pyramid at Giza around 2644 B.C.E., one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. |
| Osiris | Egyptian god of the afterworld, death, rebirth, and agriculture |
| Snefru | 27th-26th century B.C.E. king of Egypt and father of Khufu; erected what is considered the third-largest but first true pyramid is called the Crooked Pyramid because of bulges in its sides, bourght Egypt to a high level of prosperity; raided Nubia, conquered Sinai, and developed copper mines. |
| Zoser | Egptian pharaoh who had imhotep build the Step Pyramid at Sakkara in about 2800 B.C.E.; this was the first pyramid to be used as a king's tomb. |
| Tehuti | Egyptian:god of literature and knowledge; taught people how to write and showed them what to write; also called Thoth |
| Thebes | An ancient capital city of Egypt, center for the worship of the god Amen. |
| Tutankhamen | Pharaoh of Egypt who lived around 1370-1352 B.C.E.; son of Amenhotep III; much of his reign was controlled by advisors, but he did return to the African religion of Amen and moved the capital again to Memphis from Thebes; his tomb was discovered in 1922 C.E. in the Valley of the Kings. |
