| A | B |
|---|
| selective breeding | individual organisms with desired traits or characteristics are chosen to reproduce |
| domestic crops and animals | almost all have been a result of selective breeding |
| hybrid | a cross between dissimilar individuals |
| inbreeding | the continued breeding of closely related organisms |
| inbreeding can do this to an organism | weaken the individual |
| myostatin | a protein involved in the regulation of muscle growth |
| Genetic Engineering | making changes to/manipulating DNA |
| these cut DNA | restriction enzymes |
| plasmid | a circular piece of DNA in bacteria |
| recombinant DNA | taking a piece of DNA and inserting it into another organism's DNA (performed by splicing). If the organism picks up the gene and incorporates it into its own DNA, it will display the desired trait. |
| transgenic organism | an organism whose DNA contains a gene(s) spliced from the DNA of another organism |
| gene splicing | cutting a gene from DNA and rejoining it to another piece of DNA (makes recombinant DNA) |
| Biosynthetic insulin | made in the lab using bacteria with recombinant DNA |
| cloning | process of creating an organism/cells/tissue/organ that is genetically identical to an existing one |
| manipulating DNA | the processes which allow scientists to extract, cut, copy, separate, read, and splice DNA |
| cloning | using the DNA from a somatic cell of an organism, and implanting it into the empty egg cell of a similar organism, resulting in a genetically identical offspring to the DNA donor |
| Dolly | first known cloned animal (from the somatic cell of another sheep) - 1996 |
| GMO | genetically modified organism |
| gene therapy | the process of changing a gene to treat a medical disease or disorder |
| transformation | this natural process seen in the behavior of bacteria is how scientists can encourage a bacterial cell to accept a new gene once its been inserted into the bacterium |
