| A | B |
|---|
| Enumerated powers | aka 'expressed powers"; powers listed in the Constitution & given to the national government |
| Implied powers | Powers given to the Congress that are NOT listed in the Constitution |
| reserved powers | (Amendment 10) powers reserved for the state governments ONLY |
| concurrent powers | con=with; powers the national govt. shares WITH the state governments. Ex. Power to tax |
| Commerce Clause | Clause in Article I Section 8 that gives Congress power to regulate trade |
| Necessary and Proper Clause | aka the "elastic clause' allows Congress to stretch its powers |
| Full Faith & Credit Clause | (Artricle 4) says each state will respect the laws of another state |
| Supremacy Clause | (Article 6) says the Constitution then laws made by the Congress are "the supreme law of the land' |
| The _____ is the Supreme Law of the Land | Constitution |
| Free Exercise Clause | (1st Amendment) says people can freely exercise their religious beliefs |
| Establishment Clause | states Congress can make NO laws establishing a government religion; calls for"separation of church & state" |
| Due Process Clause | (5th & 14th Amendments) Right to fair procedures |
| Equal Protection Clause | (14th Amendment) guarantees EQUAL TREATMENT to all citizens |
| Selective Incorporation | case by case process by which the freedoms listed in the Bill of Rights have been applied to the states using the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment |
| Gideon v. Wainwright | Supreme Court Case; right to a lawyer |
| Tinker v. Des Moines School District | Supreme Court case protects student's rights to freedom of speech; Supreme Court basically ruled that students do not shed their constitutional right to free speech at the "schoolhouse doors". |
