| A | B |
|---|
| DNA | the genetic material |
| RNA | a single strand copy of DNA |
| protein | a bio-molecule composed of amino acids |
| DNA replication | a process that copies DNA |
| transcription | a process that makes a single stranded RNA from the DNA |
| translation | a process that converts RNA into protein |
| mRNA | this RNA is converted into protein |
| tRNA | this RNA bring amino acids to the RNA template |
| rRNA | this RNA is part of the ribosome |
| ribosome | this is the site of protein synthesis |
| DNa polymerase | the enzyme copies the DNA |
| RNA primase | this enzyme lays down a short RNA primer furing DNA replication |
| DNA ligase | this enzyme seals the gaps in the sugar phosphate backbone that are on the lagging strand |
| helicase | this enzyme unwinds the DNA |
| codon | this is a triplet nucleotide sequence in DNA |
| nucleotide | this is the building block of nucleic acids |
| amino acids | these are the building blocks of proteins |
| monomer | this is the repeating unit of a polymer |
| polymer | this is a long molecule made up of repeating units |
| nucleic acid | this is a general term that includes DNA and RNA |
| anticodon | this is the triplet of nucleotides found in the tRNA |
| genetic code | this is a collection of codons used when translating a RNA |
| start codon | this is the first codon in a protein; it is usually AUG |
| stop codon | this is the codon that terminates the protein |
| peptide bond | this is a bond that connects amino acids together in a protein |
| promoter | this is the site that starts transcription |
| terminator | this is the site that stops transcription |
| RNA polymerase | this is the enzyme that converts DNA into RNA |
| Griffiths | is the scientist that determined the strptococcus bacteria contained a transforming factor |
| Avery, MacLeod, McCarty | these are the scientists that confirmed that DNA was the transforming material |
| Hershey and Chase | these scientists confirmed that DNA is the genetic material |
| Watson and Crick | these scientists received the Nobel prize for determining DNA structure |
| Wilkins and Franklin | these scientists were studying DNA using x-rays |
| lagging strand | this is the strand synthesized in short pieces |
| leading strand | this strand is copied in one continuous piece |
| replication fork | this structure is formed after the helicase unwinds the DNA |
| Okazaki fragment | these are short pieces of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand |
