| A | B |
|---|
| ecosystem | all the living and nonliving things in an area |
| Sun | source of all energy in ecosystems |
| producers | organisms that make their own food |
| consumers | must eat other organisms for energy |
| herbivores | consumers that eat plants |
| carnivores | consumers that eat meat |
| omnivores | consumers that eat plants and meat |
| predator | hunts for its food called prey |
| prey | eaten by a predator |
| scavenger | eats dead animals killed by other organisms |
| decomposers | break down dead matter, returning minerals to the soil |
| food chains | show energy flow from one organism to another |
| food web | shows all the food chains in an ecosystem |
| primary consumer | an herbivore, first consumerr in a food chain |
| secondary consumer | a carnivore or omnivore, the second consumer in a food chain |
| tertiary consumer | a carnivore or omnivore, top predator, third and last consumer in a food chain |
| energy pyramid | shows how energy is lost as it passes from one part of the food chain to another |
| 10% | average amount of energy that passes to the next level |
| trophic level | a level of a food chain that is made up of organisms that share the same eating category |
| cause changes in ecosystems | natural disasters, volcanoes, people |
| invasive species | a non-native organism that harms an ecosystem |
| competition | when two or more organisms compete for the same resources |
| adaptation | a body part or behavior an organism has developed to help it survive |
