| A | B |
|---|
| nitrogenous base | a carbon ring structure that contains one or more atoms of nitrogen |
| double helix | the shape of DNA - two strands twisted together |
| DNA replication | the process by which DNA in the chromosomes is replicated |
| messenger RNA | brings instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm |
| ribosomal RNA | the type of RNA of which a ribosome is made; uses the mRNA to make amino acids |
| transfer RNA | tRNA delivers amino acids to the ribosome to be assembled into a protein |
| transcription | takes place in the nucleus; the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy |
| codon | three nitrogenous bases that code for an amino acid |
| translation | the process of converting the information in a sequence of nitrogenous bases in mRNA |
| mutation | any change in the DNA sequence |
| point mutation | a change in a single base pair in DNA |
| frameshift mutation | a mutation in which a single base is added to or deleted from DNA |
| chromosomal mutations | structural changes in chromosomes |
| mutagen | any agent that can cause a change in DNA |
