| A | B |
|---|
| archaea | domain of prokaryotic organisms that are biochemically and genetically distinct from bacteria |
| bacteria | domain of prokaryotic organisms that are biochemically and genetically distinct from archaea |
| coccus | a spherical bacterium |
| bacillus | a rod-shaped bacterium |
| spirochete/spirillium | spiral shaped bacterium |
| binary fission | mode of prokaryote asexual reproduction in which each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the parent cell's chromosome |
| endospore | dormant prokaryotic cell formed by certain bacteria that can survive when conditions become unsuitable |
| pathogen | a disease-casuing organism |
| lytic cycle | a viral reproductive cycle in which copies of a virus are made within a host cell, which then bursts open, releasing new viruses |
| lysogenic cycle | a viral reproductive cycle in which the viral DNA is added to the host cell's DNA and is copied along with the host cell's DNA during binary fission |
| retrovirus | member of a group of viruses such as HIV that carry reverse transcriptase, which catalyzes the synthesis of DNA from an RNA template |
| vaccine | dose of a disabled or destroyed pathogen (or part of a pathogen) used to stimulate a long-term immune defense against the pathogen |
| conjugation | method of genetic recombination when bacteria share a plasmid when they connect using pili |
| bacterial chromosome | the circular DNA in a prokaryote that determines the species of bacteria |
| plasmid | a small section of DNA that is circular and can be shared with other bacteria |
| capsid | the outer protein layer of a virus |
| virus | composed of DNA or RNA, and a protein case with receptors on it |
| prion | a specific type of protein that can cause infections |
| capsule | the outer most layer of prokaryotes |
| cell wall | the middle layer of the prokaryote protective layers |
