| A | B |
|---|
| Ideology | 1. A consistent set of values and beliefs about the proper purpose and scope of government is defined as political |
| 3/5th Compromise | used to count slaves for the census |
| Federalist Papers | collection of letters urging support for the ratification of the Constitution |
| Necessary and Proper Clause | constitutional basis for implied powers |
| Supremacy Clause | conflicts between state and national laws are resolved with this |
| Federalism | division of powers which allows states to solve problems through innovative programs |
| Unfunded mandate | when a law is imposed on states by the national government, but not accompanied with funding to implement the law |
| U.S. Supreme Court role in federalism | resolves disputes between powers of state and federal governments |
| Political Tolerance | related to the belief in freedom of speech and the right to assemble |
| Media Malaise | public cynicism and distrust of government |
| Atomization of the media | loss of market share by traditional media outlets to other forms of media |
| Political patronage | process by which party leaders openly award government jobs and other benefits to their supporters |
| Reinforcment | most likely outcome from any single campaign effort |
| Activation | outcome from any single campaign effort that is often the difference in who actually wins |
| Federal Elections Commission | federal agency that regulates campaign financing |
| Pork barrel projects | members of Congress make sure the "bacon" or key projects are funded for their home district |
| Congressional Committee | where most bills introduced actually die |
| Census | Congress determines the number of congressional seats and state legislatures determine boundaries of districts |
| Conference Committee | type of committee that reconciles the differences between House and Senate passed versions of a bill |
| Respect of Congressional Colleagues | where many congressmen get their voting cues on bills that are not of interest to them |
| Secretary of State | considered an "incubator" for someone who wanted to become President of the U.S. |
| 25th Amendment | offers clarification of successes from V.P to Pres |
| Persuasion | the skills president's need to get Congress on board for laws |
| Impeachment | House of Rep - votes on charges, Senate - votes on guilt, Chief Justice of Supreme Court - presides over trial |
| mid term elections | President's party usually loses seats in Congress |
| Freedom of Information Act | passed in 1966 that lets any member of the public see unclassified documents |
| Policy implementation | bureaucrats convert laws passed by Congress and signed by the Pres. into action |
| Marbury v Madison | established judicial review |
| John Marshall | regarded as the judicial branch's most impressive justice |
| U.S. v Nixon | established that Supreme Court Justices are not obligated to the President that appointed them to the Court |
| Trial court | witnesses give testimony and a jury decides guilt |
| Appeals court | lawyers provide legal arguments for the legality of the proceedings of a lower court |
| enforcer of Supreme Court decisions | President of U.S. |
| Activists judges | believe that they must do what other parts of government fail to do |
| government | legitimate use of force to control human behavior within its boundaries |
| politics | competition to shape government's impact on society's problems and goals |
| purpose of government | maintain order, provide public goods and service, promote equality |
| four basic principles of the U.S. Constitution | republic, federalism, separation of powers, checks and balances |
| Amendment to Constitution | required 2/3 vote of Congress or state legislatures to pass |
| Department of Agriculture | created in 1862 to support the Homestead Act |
| Ratification of the Amendments | requires 3/4 vote by state legislature or ratifying conventions held by states |
| Straight Ticket | a voter selects people only from one political party when voting |
| Split Ticket | a voter selects people based on merit, with no link to party |
| Civil Rights Act of 1964 | caused many Southern Democrats to become Republicans |
| Linkage Institution | political parties, the media, interest groups that connect voters to the government |
| Kansas Nebraska Act 1854 | beginning of the Republic Party |
| Gerrymandering | Congressional district boundaries are redrawn to give advantage to on political party |
| Qualifications of U.S. President | at least 35, natural born U.S. citizen, lived in U.S. for minimum of 14 years |
| Executive Privilege | U.S. President can refuse to make a public requested document available |
| Office of Management and Budget | organization within the Executive Branch for financial issues |
| FBI | Independent Agency - Federal Bureau of Investigation |
| EPA | Independent Agency - Environmental Projection Agency |
| CIA | Independent Agency - Central Intelligence Agency |
| FDIC | Independent Agency - Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation |
| Opinion of the Court | Supreme Court Justices in the majority defend their position |
| Concurring Opinion | Supreme Court Justice that agree with the majority opinion, but for different reasons |
| Dissenting Opinion | Supreme Court Justices that disagree with the decision of the court |
| John Roberts | Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court |
| Elena Kagan | most recent Justice to join the U.S. Supreme Court |
| Battleground States | important for elections because of the number of Electoral votes |
| Chief of Staff to the President | loyal and trusted adviser to the President |
| Interstate Commerce | regulated by the National / Federal government |
