| A | B |
|---|
| Americanization | This process was designed to make immigrants more "Americanized". It included learning to dress, speak, and act like other Americans. This was done through the schools. |
| Andrew Carnegie | This man was the founder of the U.S. Steel Company& promoted philanthropy among wealthy industrialists known as the Gospel of Wealth. |
| Big Business | During the Gilded Age, the economy saw a rise in this, often seen as more efficient but also as unfair competition. |
| Cattle | This industry supported the growth of railroads because of the increased demand for beef in the east. |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | This was the first (1882) to limit the immigration of a specific group. It also eased job competition by forcing the Chinese into railroad jobs. |
| Civil Service | This type of reform required government jobs be granted on merit and example is the Pendleton Act. |
| Collective Bargaining | Negotiations between employees and employers regarding the conditions of employment. This can prevent strikes. |
| Dawes Act | This act was part of the Americanization movement of Native American tribe. Each family was given 160 acres of reservation land. |
| Entrepreneurs | These individuals brought new innovations and capital to expand American industry. |
| Free Enterprise | This economic system allows people to expand their business as they choose and leads to the development of new industries. |
| Gospel of Wealth | This was written by Andrew Carnegie, encouraging philanthropy among wealthy industrialists, to use their money to give back to society. |
| Homestead Act | This act motivated more Americans to settle in the west by promising 160 acres in exchange for cultivating the land for 5 years. |
| Immigrants | This group of people who came to America were opposed by Nativists and attributed to urbanization. |
| Industrialization | New inventions led to the growth of industry in the United States. This in turn led to a move to urban centers (cities) where individuals often found themselves living in crowded conditions. |
| Interstate Commerce Act | This act was created to regulate shipping rates and other railroad abuses in the government's attempt to begin regulating big business. |
| Jane Addams | She is the founder of the Hull House, responsible for providing education to immigrants. |
| Klondike | In 1896, a discovery near this river in Alaska caused a rush for gold that brought miners to the west. |
| Labor Unions | These are formed in response to poor working conditions and low wages. (Ex: Knights of Labor, American Federation of Labor) |
| Laissez Faire | This theory refers to a lack of government interference in American business through regulations. |
| Manifest Destiny | Westward expansion was driven by this belief that Americans were destined to settle across the continent. |
| Philanthropy | The practice of giving money to help make life better for others. This was practiced by Captains of Industry during the Progressive Era. |
| Political Machines | These sought control of the cities by offering incentives in exchange for political support. (Ex: Tammany Hall, Boss Tweed) |
| Populism | This idea developed because of the issues of the farmers including lower crop prices, overcharging railroad costs and supporting bimetallism. |
| Railroads | The growth of this industry allowed for increased movement of goods to markets, westward settlement and better communication. |
| Rural | Americans move from this to the urban areas because of increased job opportunities in the cities. |
| Social Gospel | The religious revival that focused on the problems in urban areas, people could gain salvation by serving the poor. |
| Standard of Living | The new technological innovations in both transportation and communication saw an improvement in this for Americans. |
| Transcontinental Railroad | This was completed in 1869 and connected the East to the West. It led to better communication, trade and closing the frontier. |
| Urban | This term has to do with cities. |
| Urbanization | This is caused by the increase of immigrants and individuals locating to the cities & can lead to overcrowding, tenements, poor sanitation). |
