| A | B |
|---|
| Definition of Sociology | Human interaction wherever it appears. |
| Concern of Sociologists | Human relationships |
| Example of Historical Method | Studying a document of Ancient Athens |
| Example of Content Analysis | Counting number of pictures of woman in text. |
| Example of Survey Method | Interviewing customers at a mall. |
| Example of Observation Method | To study if crowd noise affects the outcome of an athletic contest. |
| Example of Statistical Analysis | Looking at voting returns according to geographic region. |
| Example of Case Study Method | To study teenage pregnancy in America |
| Definition of Subculture | A group with its own unique values, norms, behaviors that exist within a larger culture.Particular groups within the society which have distinctive variations of larger cultures. |
| Definition of Counterculture | Challenges values of larger society.Proposes new sets of cultural patterns. Can be seen in youth movements. |
| Definition of Internalization | Process by which a norm becomes a part of one's personality. |
| Example of Internalization of Norms | Driving a car and light turns red, you immediately come to a stop. |
| Definition of Sanctions | Rewards or punishments used to enforce conformity to norms. |
| Example of a Negative Sanction | In-school suspension. |
| Purpose of Enforcing Norms of Society | Provide social control. |
| Example of Diffusion | Moscow's "McDonalds" |
| Definition of Culture | Skills, beliefs, institutions, and knowledge that are commonly shared by a number of people & transmitted to children. |
| Definition of Society | Group of people who share a distinct and continuing way of life & think of themselves as a united group. |
| Where People Acquire Their Values | Through interaction with other people. |
| Definition of a Folkway | Norms that do not have great moral significance attached to them. |
| Violation of a More | Killing someone. |
| Definition of Law | Written rule of conduct enacted & enforced by the government. |
| Definition of Culture Traits | Smallest unit of culture |
| Example of Ethnocentrism | American athletes are the best in the world. |
| Factor Producing Greatest Amount of Social Change in the Least Amount of Time | War and conquests. |
| Definition of Assimilation | Blending of culturally distinct groups into a single group with a common culture and identity. |
| What Vested Interests Produce | Resistance to social change. |
| Example of Ascribed Status | Prince one day becoming a king. |
| Examples of Achieved Status | Teacher - Doctor |
| Definition of Group | A sense of relatedness is shared by individuals as a consequence of their interacting. |
| Example of a Primary Group Relationship | Boyfriend/Girlfriend. |
| Example of a Secondary Group Relationship | Motorist paying the roll booth collector .50 and asking for directions. |
| Definition of Conflict | Deliberate attempt to coerce, oppose, harm, or resist the will of another person. |
| Example of Competition | Downingtown Senior High Football Team defeating Coatesville 32-14. |
| List Characteristics of a Bureaucracy | Ranking of authority-Division of Labor-Rules and regulations. |
| Definition of Peter Principle | Idea employees are promoted beyond their level of competence. |
| Example of Parkinson's Law | Taking a full hour to complete a task even though you could complete in in 40 minutes. |
| Definition of Personality | That which determines the uniqueness of your behavior. |
| What Studies of Isolated Children Have Shown | Children need contact with other people in order to develop properly. |
| Explain the "Looking Glass Self" Theory | We can only see ourselves as we perceive others see us. |
| John Locke | He started to think about how a person's social self is developed. |
| George Herbert Mead | He emphasized the significance of taking the roles of others; Said generalized others to help with developing the ability to anticipate what is expected in a social situation. |
| Definition of Peer Group | One's equals, often about the same age. |
| Stage in Life of Some Societies of the Time Between Childhood and Adulthood | Adolescence. |
| Definition of Puberty Rites | Formal ceremonies marking the entrance of young people into biological adulthood. |
| Three Factors Which Distinguish Adolescence | Mandatory education-Exclusion from the labor force-Juvenile justice system. |
| Characteristics of Adolescence | Increased decision making, undefined status, the search for self. |
| Definition of Anticipatory Socialization | Learning the rights, obligations, and expectations of a role in preparation for assuming that role at a future date. |
| Definition of Deviance | Behavior that violates significant norms. |
| Definition of Stigma | A mark of social disgrace that sets the deviant apart from the rest of society. |
| Definition of Social Stratification | Every society is characterized by a hierarchy or rank. |
| Implication of Social Stratification | Social inequality. |
| People of the Same General Status or Social Class | People of the same general status who are generally regarded as distinctively different from other segments of the population in regards to matters as prestige, social contracts, material possession. |
| How Social Stratification Ranks People | By power, privilege, prestige. |
| Definition of Social Class | Stratum of persons who share a similar socioeconomic status. |
| Definition of Prestige | Social honor which is unequally distributed, so some groups and some groups and some roles enjoy great respect, whereas others are accorded very little. |
| Characteristics Common to the Lower-Upper Class | Power and prestige-New money-Wealth acquired through their own efforts. |
| Upper Middle Class | Consists mostly of business and professional people who live comfortably in attractive environments. |
| Definition of Horizontal Mobility | Changing occupational roles without gaining or losing status. |
| Example of Intergenerational Mobility | A lawyer whose father works as a truck driver. |
| Definition of Social Mobility | The movement of individuals from one stratus of society to another. |
| Key Factor Separating Minority Group From Dominant Group | Lack of authority and power. |
| Word Describing Prejudice | Learned |
| Definition of Discrimination | Process by which dominant group informally deprives the minority group of equal access to privileges and opportunities. |
| Key Difference Between Prejudice and Discrimination | Prejudice is an attitude, discrimination is an act. |
| Definition of Stereotypes | Usually the result of overgeneralizing. |
| Definition of Segregation | The practice of forcing minority group members to work or live in separate areas whenever possible and to use facilities separate from those used by the dominant group. |
| Definition of Gender Roles | The specific behaviors and attitudes a society establishes for men and women. |
| Medicare | Government-sponsored insurance plan for the elderly and disabled. |
| Sexism | The belief that one sex is by nature superior to the other. |
| Definition of Extended Family | Family form consisting of three or more generations of a family sharing the same residence. |
| Definition of Polyandry | Marriage form in which a woman is permitted to marry more than one man at a time. |
| Definition of Monogamy | Marriage of one man to one woman. |
| Definition of Patrilineal | Societies that trace kinship through the father's side of the family. |
| Important Functions Served by the Family | Economic and emotional security. Reproduction. Socialization. |
| Characteristics of Happy Marriages | Getting married at an older age. Having parents who are successfully married. Being of the same race and religion. |
| Reason Why Divorce Rates Have Increased in Recent Years | Society has become more tolerant of divorce. |
