| A | B |
|---|
| The Parthenon | Greek temple built at the Acropolis in Athens dedicated to the goddess Athena |
| Monarchy | The earliest form of government in Athens, it involves a single King who holds power absolutely and passes their rule down from generation to generation |
| Aristocracy | from of government where the wealthy land holding nobles hold power |
| Tyranny | Form of government where one person seizes power militarily and has absolute control |
| Direct Democracy | form of government in Athens where the people hold power and can vote directly on decisions |
| Hinduism | Oldest religion founded in India, it features many different versions of the same god or universal spirit |
| Vedas and Upanishads | The sacred texts of Hinduism |
| Caste System | A rigid social structure in India, in which society is dicided into four seperate classes and there is no social mobility |
| Dharma | this was the duty in life that Hindus were supposed to follow if they wanted to accumulate good Karma. |
| Kharma | According to Hindus this was accumulated by following one's Dharma and would determine what one's next life would be. |
| Reincarnation | the belief in a cycle of life where one's spirit is reborn when they die into another form |
| Zoroastrianism | A religion founded in Persia that depicted life as a struggle between good and evil. It may have influenced Christianity and Judaism |
| The Four Noble Truths | The basic principles or philosophy of Buddhism. |
| The Eightfold Path | Part of the Four Noble Truths, this was what Buddhists were supposed to follow if they wanted to end their desires and reach nirvana. |
| The Gupta Empire | It was during this time period that India entered its Golden Age and made great contributions in art, literature and education. |
| Royal Road | This was built in Persia to help connect the vast Persian Empire and increase communication |
| Buddhism | Major religion that developed in India but spread to Asia and focused on ending suffering by ending one's desires. |
| Jerusalem | the captial of the Kingdom of Israel constructed by David |
| Aqueducts | an example of Roman technology, they were built to move water over large areas of land |
| Latin | the official language of the Roman Empire it influenced many other languages |
| The Roman Arch | an architectural design that was able to support more weight than previous structures |
| The Aeneid | written by Virgil it is a great piece of Roman literature and is somewhat similar to the Odyssey |
| Representative Democracy | form of government where people elect representatives to make decisions in the government for them rather than vote directly on every decision |
| Consuls | head of the executive branch in rome, elected for 1 year terms |
| Patricians | highest social class in Rome, consisted of wealthy nobility |
| Plebeians | common people in Rome |
| Senate | more powerful house of Rome's legislative branch, made of 300 members who served for life |
| 12 tables | Rome's public law code |
| Dictator | person elected in time of crisis to have absolute power |
| Carthage | Rome's rival during the Punic Wars |
| First Triumvirate | Alliance between Julius Caesar, Marcus Crassus, and Pompey that would eventually collapse into a civil war between Caesar and Pompey |
| The Mauryan Empire | contributed roads, hospitals, vet clinics as it united India |
| Harappa and Mahenjo Daro | earliest settlements along Indus River |
| Persian Empire | treated conquered people with tolerance, had a imperial bureaucracy to manage its territory |
| Shinto | native religion of Japan, it coexisted with Buddhism in Japan |
| Hinduism | Oldest religion founded in India, it features many different versions of the same god or universal spirit |
| Vedas | The sacred texts of Hinduism, tell of history of Religion |
| Caste System | A rigid social structure in India, in which society is dicided into four seperate classes and there is no social mobility |
| Dharma | this was the duty in life that Hindus were supposed to follow if they wanted to accumulate good Karma. |
| Kharma | According to Hindus this was accumulated by following one's Dharma and would determine what one's next life would be. |
| Reincarnation | the belief in a cycle of life where one's spirit is reborn when they die into another form |
| The Four Noble Truths | The basic principles or philosophy of Buddhism. |
| The Eightfold Path | Part of the Four Noble Truths, this was what Buddhists were supposed to follow if they wanted to end their desires and reach nirvana. |
| The Gupta Empire | It was during this time period that India entered its Golden Age and made great contributions in art, literature and education. |
| The Aryans | An early group that dominated the Indus River valley established dominance, and our credited with creating the Vedas and contributing to the establishment of the caste system |
| The mandate from heaven | used by chinese rulers to justify why they held power. They said their authority to rule came from the gods as long as you ruled well or justly. |
| The silk road | built by the Chinese to increase trade and communication with the west (rome) |
| The Yin and the Yang | chinese philosophy that suggests that there are opposite forces in all things that create a balance in life |
| Contributions of the Maurya | Better Roads, Hospitals, Veterinary clinics |
| Contributions of the Gupta | concept of Zero, Cotton Textiles, Concept of Round Earth, Poetry |
| Civil Service System | In China it was the practice of giving jobs to the most qualified people and making sure they could pass a test |
| Archipelago | term for a group of islands (ex. Japan) |
| Shinto | The Native Religion of Japan based on worshiping "Kamis" or spirits in nature |
| The Great Wall of china | Constructed to protect China from invaders from the north |
| Trade items of china | Paper, Compass, Porcelain, Silk |
