| A | B |
|---|
| mechanical digestion | physical breakdown of food |
| chemical digestion | enzymatic breakdown of food |
| amylase | enzyme that breaks down starch into sugar |
| esophagus | tube connecting mouth to stomach |
| peristalsis | muscle contractions that move food down the esophagus |
| large intestine | also called the colon; where water absorption occurs |
| pepsin | enzyme that breaks proteins into amino acids |
| chyme | mixture of food, acid and enzymes produced in the stomach |
| small intestine | where most chemical digestion occurs and where most nutrients are absorbed |
| villus | small fingerlike projection in small intestine that absorbs nutrients |
| stomach | Muscular sac that produces hydrochloric acid (HCl) and enzymes to digest food |
| excretion | removal of metabolic wastes to maintain homeostasis |
| urethra | releases urine outside the body |
| urinary bladder | stores urine |
| ureter | transports urine from kidneys to bladder |
| myocardium | muscle layer of the heart that contracts |
| atrium | part of the heart that receives blood |
| vein | carries blood to the heart |
| artery | carries blood away from the heart |
| capillary | where exchange of nutrients and waste with organs occurs |
| ventricle | part of the heart that pumps blood |
| pharynx | the throat; connects nose to back of mouth; serves as passageway for both air and food |
| trachea | windpipe; leads to the lungs |
| diaphragm | dome shaped muscle that aids in breathing |
| bronchus | tube leading from trachea to a lung |
| alveolus | tiny sac at the end of a bronchiole surrounded by capillaries |
| larynx | connects pharynx to trachea; contains vocal chords |
