| A | B |
|---|
| Gene Pool | All the genes (alleles) present in a population |
| Evolution | The process by which organisms have changed over time |
| Population | Group of individuals of same species living in an area |
| Bottleneck event | Change in allele frequency following a reduction in size of the population |
| Analogous structures | Structures with common function but different structure |
| Vestigial structures | Inherited from ancestors but have most their original function |
| Genetic drift | Random change in allele frequency caused by chance occurrences |
| Speciation | formation of new species |
| Natural selection | organisms with variations best suited to the environment will survive and reproduce |
| Homologous structures | Inherited from a common ancestor but have different functions |
| Artificial selection | Selection by humans for breeding useful traits among different organisms (ex: dogs) |
| Allele frequency | The number of times an allele occurs in a gene pool |
| Founder effect | Change in allele frequencies after a small group migrates into a new area |
| Adaptations | Any heritbale characteristic that increases an organisms' ability to survive and reproduce |
| Reproductive isolation | Separation of a population so they no longer interbreed; leads to speciaiton |
| Geographic isolation | two populations separated by geographic barriers, leading to speciation |
