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| Assess | To thoroughly and methodically analyze accomplishment against specific goals and criteria. |
| Assessment | An evaluation technique for technology that requires analyzing benefits and risks, understanding the trade-offs, and then determining the best action to take in order to ensure that the desired positive outcomes outweigh the negative consequences. |
| Brainstorm | A group technique for solving problems, generating ideas, stimulating creative thinking, etc. by unrestrained spontaneous participation in discussion. |
| Client | A person using the services of a professional person or organization. |
| Creativity | The ability to make or bring a new concept or idea into existence; marked by the ability or power to create. |
| Criteria | A means of judging. A standard, rule, or test by which something can be judged. |
| Constraint | 1. A limit to a design process. Constraints may be such things as appearance, funding, space, materials, and human capabilities. 2. A limitation or restriction. |
| Design | 1. An iterative decision-making process that produces plans by which resources are converted into products or systems that meet human needs and wants or solve problems. 2. A plan or drawing produced to show the look and function or workings of something before it is built or made. 3. A decorative pattern. |
| Design Brief | A written plan that identifies a problem to be solved, its criteria, and its constraints. The design brief is used to encourage thinking of all aspects of a problem before attempting a solution. |
| Design Process | A systematic problem-solving strategy, with criteria and constraints, used to develop many possible solutions to solve a problem or satisfy human needs and wants and to winnow (narrow) down the possible solutions to one final choice. |
| Design Statement | A part of a design brief that challenges the designer, describes what a design solution should do without describing how to solve the problem, and identifies the degree to which the solution must be executed. |
| Designer | A person who designs any of a variety of things. This usually implies the task of creating drawings or in some ways uses visual cues to organize his or her work. |
| Engineer | A person who is trained in and uses technological and scientific knowledge to solve practical problems. |
| Engineering Notebook | An engineering notebook is a book in which an engineer will formally document, in chronological order, all of his/her work that is associated with a specific design project. |
| Innovation | An improvement of an existing technological product, system, or method of doing something. |
| Invention | A new product, system, or process that has never existed before, created by study and experimentation. |
| Piling-on | An idea that produces a similar idea or an enhanced idea. |
| Problem Identification | The recognition of an unwelcome or harmful matter needing to be dealt with. |
| Product | A tangible artifact produced by means of either human or mechanical work, or by biological or chemical process. |
| Prototype | A full-scale working model used to test a design concept by making actual observations and necessary adjustments. |
| Research | The systematic study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions. |
| Cabinet Pictorial | Oblique pictorial where depth is represented as half scale compared to the height and width scale. |
| Cavalier Pictorial | Oblique pictorial where height, width, and depth are represented at full scale. |
| Center Line | A line which defines the center of arcs, circles, or symmetrical parts. |
| Construction Line | lightly drawn lines to guide drawing other lines and shapes. |
| Depth | The measurement associated with an object’s front-to-back dimension or extent of something from side to side. |
| Dimension | A measurable extent, such as the three principal dimensions of an object is width, height, and depth. |
| Dimension Line | A line which represents distance. |
| Documentation | 1. The documents that are required for something or that give evidence or proof of something. 2. Drawings or printed information that contain instructions for assembling, installing, operating, and servicing. |
| Drawing | A formal graphical representation of an object containing information based on the drawing type. |
| Edge | The line along which two surfaces of a solid meet. |
| Ellipse | A regular oval shape, traced by a point moving in a plane so that the sum of its distances from two other points is constant, or resulting when a cone is cut by an oblique plane which does not intersect the base. |
| Extension Line | Line which represents where a dimension starts and stops. |
| Freehand | Sketching which is done manually without the aid of instruments such as rulers. |
| Grid | A network of lines that cross each other to form a series of squares or rectangles. |
| Height | The measurement associated with an object’s top-to-bottom dimension. |
| Hidden Line | A line type that represents an edge that is not directly visible. |
| Isometric Sketch | A form of pictorial sketch in which all three drawing axes form equal angles of 120 degrees with the plane of projection. |
| Leader Line | Line which indicates dimensions of arcs, circles and detail. |
| Line | 1. A long thin mark on a surface. 2. A continuous extent of length, straight or curved, without breadth or thickness; the trace of a moving point. 3. Long, narrow mark or band. |
| Line Conventions | Standardization of lines used on technical drawings by line weight and style. |
| Line Weight | Also called line width. The thickness of a line, characterized as thick or thin. |
| Long-Break Line | A line which indicates that a very long objects with uniform detail is drawn foreshortened. |
| Manufacture | To make something, especially on a large scale using machinery. |
| Measurement | The process of using dimensions, quantity, or capacity by comparison with a standard in order to mark off, apportion, lay out, or establish dimensions. |
| Multi-View Drawing | A drawing which contains views of an object projected onto two or more orthographic planes. |
| Object Line | A heavy solid line used on a drawing to represent the outline of an object. |
| Oblique Sketch | A form of pictorial in which an object is represented as true width and height, but the depth can be any size and drawn at any angle. |
| Orthographic Projection | A method of representing three-dimensional objects on a plane having only length and breadth. Also referred to as Right Angle Projection. |
| Perspective Sketch | A form of pictorial sketch in which vanishing points are used to provide the depth and distortion that is seen with the human eye. |
| Pictorial Sketch | A sketch that shows an object’s height, width, and depth in a single view. |
| Plane | A flat surface on which a straight line joining any two points would wholly lie. |
| Point | A location in space. |
| Profile | An outline of an object when viewed from one side. |
| Projection Line | An imaginary line that is used to locate or project the corners, edges, and features of a three-dimensional object onto an imaginary two-dimensional surface. |
| Projection Plane | An imaginary surface between the object and the observer on which the view of the object is projected and drawn. |
| Proportion | 1. The relationship of one thing to another in size, amount, etc. 2. Size or weight relationships among structures or among elements in a single structure. |
| Scale | 1. A straight-edged strip of rigid material marked at regular intervals that is used to measure distances. 2. A proportion between two sets of dimensions used to develop accurate, larger or smaller prototypes, or models. |
| Section Lines | Thin lines used in a section view to indicate where the cutting plane line has cut through material. |
| Shading | The representation of light and shade on a sketch or map. |
| Short-Break Line | Line which shows where part is broken to reveal detail behind the part or to shorten a long continuous part. |
| Shape | A two-dimensional contour that characterizes an object or area, in contrast to three-dimensional form. |
| Sketch | A rough representation of the main features of an object or scene and often made as a preliminary study. |
| Solid | A three-dimensional body or geometric figure. |
| Technical Working Drawing | A drawing that is used to show the material, size, and shape of a product for manufacturing purposes. |
| Three-Dimensional | Having the dimensions of height, width, and depth. |
| Tone | The general effect of color or of light and shade in a picture. |
| Two-Dimensional | Having the dimensions of height and width, height and depth, or width and depth only. |
| Vanishing Point | A vanishing point is a point in space, usually located on the horizon, where parallel edges of an object appear to converge. |
| View | Colloquial term for views of an object projected onto two or more orthographic planes in a multi-view drawing. |
| Width | The measurement associated with an object’s side-to-side dimension. |
| Accuracy | The degree of closeness of measurements of a quantity to the actual (or accepted) value. |
| Arrowheads | Arrowheads are used to indicate the end of a dimension line or leader. |
| Caliper | A measuring instrument having two adjustable jaws typically used to measure diameter or thickness. |
| Dimension | A measurable extent, such as the three principal dimensions of an object as in width, height, and depth. |
| Dimension Lines | A line which represents distance. |
| International System of Units (SI) | An international system of units of measurement consisting of seven base units. |
| Measure | To determine the size, amount, or degree of an object by comparison with a standard unit. |
| Precision | The degree to which repeated measurements show the same result. |
| Scale | A straight-edged strip of rigid material marked at regular intervals and used to measure distances. |
| Significant Digits | The digits in a decimal number that carry meaning contributing to the precision or accuracy of the quantity. |
| US Customary Measurement | System of measurement used in the United States. |
