| A | B |
|---|
| Spain | This country gave up its claim to Oregon & Florida in the Adams-Onis Treaty in 1819. (357) |
| Russia | This was one of four nations that claimed part of the Oregon country in the early-1800's. The others were Spain, Britain & the U.S. (357) |
| Britain | This country shared joint-occupation of the Oregon country with America, from 1818 until 1846. (357) |
| joint occupation | The term to describe the agreement that allowed American & British citizens to settle in Oregon from 1818 until 1846. (357) |
| Mountain Men | The fur-trappers that learned much about the American West in the early-1800's. (357-358) |
| Oregon country | The huge area between the Pacific & the Rockies north of California.(356) |
| emigrants | Because they left the U.S., early American settlers in the Oregon country were __________. (358) |
| prairie schooners | The canvas-covered wagons used on the Oregon Trail. (358) |
| Oregon Trail | The 2,000 mile path that led to the Oregon country. (358) |
| Manifest Destiny | The idea that it was America's destiny to spread to the Pacific Ocean. (359-360) |
| Fifty-four Forty or Fight | President James Pollk's 1844 campaign slogan about American ownership of the Oregon country. (360) |
| South Pass | A 12-mile opening in the Rocky Mountains that wagons could easily pass through. (358) |
| Davy Crockett | This famous person who died at the Alamo was a well-known personality from Tennessee. (362-363) |
| slavery | This is the main issue that kept Texas from becoming a state for years. Northern & Southern states could not agree. (367-368) |
| Tejanos | The name for Mexicans who lived in Texas. (363) |
| Texans | Name for Americans who settled in the Mexican territory of Texas in the 1820's & 1830's. (364-366) |
| San Antonio | The city that was captured by the Texans; then retaken by Mexcio when they attacked the Alamo. (365-366) |
| the Alamo | This is the small mission in San Antonio where Texans were slaugtered by the Mexican Army in 1836. (365-366) |
| San Jacinto | This is the place near present-day Houston where Texans captured or killed 1,300 Mexicans, including Santa Anna. Mexico signed a treaty giving Texas its independence shortly after the victory here. (367) |
| Santa Anna | The last name of the man who became President of Mexico in 1833. He did not like Texans. (364-367) |
| James Polk | When this man became President in 1845, he pressured Congress to annex Texas as a new state in 1845. (368) |
| Sam Houston | The commander-in-chief of the Texan forces. The first President of the Republic of Texas. Today, the biggest city in Texas bears his name. (367-368) |
| Mexico | This is the country Texans struggled against for independence. (363-367) |
| Mexico City | The capital city that was captured by the United States in 1847 to end the War with Mexcio |
| President James Polk | This President supported Manifest Destiny. He instigated the War with Mexico so the United States could gain more territory. |
| Mexico | This nation lost the territories of Texas, California and New Mexico to the United States in the 1840's. |
| Rio Grande | The river that forms a border between the United States and Mexico. |
| Mexican Cession | This is the historical name for Mexico being forced to cede CA, NM, AZ, NV, UT and parts of CO & WY to the United States. |
| boomtowns | Communities that were built very quickly during the Gold Rush. (376) |
| James Marshall | He first found gold when he was building a saw mill for John Sutter near present-day Sacramento, California. (375) |
| Mormons | The religious group that settled near the Great Salt Lake in Utah to escape religious persecution. (377-378) |
| vigilante | People that enforced the law themselves in mining towns. (377) |
| California | This territory grew quickly because of the Gold Rush and became a state in 1850 after a compromise over slavery. (377) |
| Levi Strauss | He made his fortune selling miners durable pants made of denim. (376) |
| Joseph Smith | He founded the Mormon church in New York. (377) |
| 1896 | Because of conflicts between Mormons and the U.S. government, Utah did not become a state until this year. (378) |
| forty-niners | Nickname for people who came to California to look for gold beginning in 1849. (375) |
| Californios | After the War with Mexico, these Hispanics became U.S. citizens. (376) |
| polygamy | The idea that a man could have more than one wife. (377) |
| Brigham Young | He led the Mormons to Utah. (378) |
