| A | B |
|---|
| bourgeoisie | the French middle class |
| deficit spending | a government spending more money than it takes in |
| Jacques Necker | gave good financial advice to Louis XVI |
| cahiers | notebooks listing grievances of the French people |
| National Assembly | a self-established group of the estate leaders |
| Bastille | a political prison that was stormed by the people starting the French Revolution |
| emigre | nobles and clergy who fled revolutionary France |
| sans-culotte | working class men and women in France that pushed the revolution into more radical action |
| Great Fear | a general feeling of fear caused by wild rumors during the revolution |
| Marquis de Lafayette | head of the National Guard to protect the people against the royal troops |
| tricolor | the red, white, and blue badge eventually adopted as the French flag |
| Legislative Assembly | a group set up to make laws and decide national issues set up by the Constitution of 1791 |
| Declaration of Pilnitz | The King of Prussia's statement threatening to intervene to protect the French monarchy |
| Jacobins | a group of middle-class lawyers and intellectuals that supported the sans-culottes in the Legislative Assembly |
| suffrage | the right to vote |
| nationalism | an aggressive feeling of pride in one's country |
| Committee of Public Safety | a 12-member group with power to save the revolution |
| Maximilien Robespierre | rose to leadership and headed the Reign of Terror |
| Directory | a new leadership group to rule after the Reign of Terror |
| Olympe de Gouges | a woman who wrote to demand equal rights for women |
| "La Marseillaise" | the new French national anthem |
| Jacques Louis David | leading classical artist of the French revolutionary period |
| plebiscite | a ballot where voters choose yes or no to an issue |
| annex | added to |
| blockade | shutting off ports so supplies cannot move in or out |
| Consulate | a three-man board that replaced the Directory, set up by Napoleon |
| Concordat of 1801 | Napoleon's decree that the Church remained under state control, but Catholics had religious freedom |
| Napoleonic Code | laws granting equality, religious toleration, and advancement based on merit, but denying women rights |
| Battle of Trafalgar | battle off coast of Spain where a French fleet was sunk by the British |
| Confederation of the Rhine | created by Napoleon to abolish the Holy Roman Empire and annex land for France |
| Continental System | Napoleon's economic war against Britain where he blockaded them |
| guerrilla warfare | a type of hit-and-run fighting |
| abdicate | to step down from power |
| legitimacy | restores the rightful monarchs to the throne |
| Waterloo | the location of the battle where Napoleon was defeated |
| Clemens von Metternich | Austrian prince who dominated the Congress of Vienna pushing for a return to previous ways |
| Concert of Europe | a peacekeeping organization proposed by Metternich to protect the restored legitimate European monarchs |
| Congress of Vienna | diplomats from European countries meeting to restore order to Europe after Napoleon's defeat |
| Josephine | Napoleon's wife |
| Louis XVI | French king who was beheaded during the French Revolution |
| Marie Antoinette | The French queen who was beheaded during the Revolution |
