| A | B |
|---|
| gas exchange | animal's interchange of O2 and CO2 with environment |
| breathing | action of taking inand letting out gases |
| lungs | internal infoldings of moist epithelium for gas exchange |
| diaphragm | muscular sheath separating chest cavity from abdominal cavity |
| nares | external openings to respiratory system |
| nasal cavity | space between internal external nares |
| internal nares | nasal cavity openings into pharynx |
| pharynx | common cavity shared by respiratory and digestive pathways |
| larynx | catilaginous box used for human vocalization |
| vocal cords | muscle bands that vibrate to make sounds |
| trachea | air passageway between pharynx and bronchi |
| ciliated epithelium | protective/cleansing lining of respiratory airways |
| goblet cells | mucus producing cells in respiratory lining |
| bronchus | branching air way from trachea |
| bronchioles | narrowing airways between bronchi and alveoli |
| alveolus | thin walled vascular/moist air sacs for gas exchange |
| surfactant | secretions on alveoli surface enhance gaseous exchange |
| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| negative pressure breathing | air ventilation from area of high pressure to area of low pressure |
| inhalation | diphragm down ribs up air enters lungs |
| exhalation | diaphragm up ribs down air leaves lungs |
| vital capacity | maximum volume of air inhale/exhale during forced breathing |
| breathing control center | medula and pons pH monitors of blood in brain |
| partial pressure | pressure exerted by one type of molecule in gaseous mixture |
| hemoglobin | oxygen carrying pigment of RBC |
| heme | oxygen binding iron atom in hemoglobin protein |
| asthma | allergic reaction constricting airways |
| bronchitis | inflamation of airway linings |
| emphesema | loss of aveloar surface area |
| sinusitis | inflammation/congestion in sinuses |
| tuberculosis | bacterial infection produces scar tissue in lungs |
| laryngitis | inflammation of voicebox causes loss of voice |
| epiglottis | stops food from entering the trachea |
| uvula | stops food from entering the nasal cavity |
| medulla | area of brain that controls breathing |
| mucus | captures particles in nose and respiratory tubes |
| cilia | moves mucus up respiratory tubes to mouth |
| olfactory epithelium | hair cells responsible for sense of smell |
| nasal septum | wall separating left and right sides of nasal cavity |
| nasal conchae | curled bones in nasal cavity increase surface area |
| nasopharynx | area near internal nares |
| oropharynx | area behind tongue |
| laryngeopharynx | area at tracheal opening |
| cartilage rings | prevent tracheal collapse |
| goblet cells | produce mucus |
| phlegm | particle laden mucus |
| general respiration | oxygen/caron dioxide exchange at cells |
| breathing | taking in /releasing air from lungs |
| external respiration | gas exchange in air sacs |
| internal respiration | gas exchange in tissues |
| Boyle's Law | gas volume in inversely related to gas pressure |
| tidal volume | air in/out with normal breath |
| inspiratory reserve volume | air forced in after tidal inhalation |
| expiratory reserve volume | air forced out after tidal exhalation |
| residual volume | air left after forced expiration |
| vital capacity | maximum exhalation after deepest breath |
| inspuratory capacity | maximum inhaled after resing exhalation |
| function residual capacity | air left after resting exhalation |
| total lung capacity | vital capacity + residual volume |
| vagus nerve | monitors air in air sacs |
| phrenic nerve | monitor rib/diaphragm movement |
| pneumonia | fluid build up in lungs |
| tubercule | scar tissue protecting tuberculosis bacterium |
| cystic fibrosis | mutant disease causes thick/dry mucus |
