| A | B |
|---|
| circulatory system | distributes materials within organisms |
| open circulatory system | fluid not always confined to vessels |
| tubular heart | long muscular pump found in open systems |
| blood | circulatory fluid |
| aorta | large vessel extension of pump in open systems |
| hemocoel | body cavities containing blood in open systems |
| closed circulatory system | blood is always confined with in vessels |
| cardiovascular system | closed system consisting of pump and blood vessels |
| heart | muscular pumping organ in closed systems |
| atrium | heart chamber that receives blood from body |
| ventricle | heart chamber that pumps blood out to body |
| blood vessels | tubular structures that carry/transport blood |
| artery | vessl that carries blood away from heart |
| arteriole | smaller branching vessels tha lead to capillaries |
| capillary | smallest vessels allow exchange of material with interstitial fluid |
| venule | formed from convergence of capilliary lead into veins |
| vein | vessel that carries blood toward the heart |
| venous valves | structures within vens preventing blood backflow |
| single circulation | vessels carrying oxygenated/unoxygenated blood mixed together |
| two chambered heart | atrium and ventricle holding "mixed" blood |
| gill capillaries | gaseous exchange with environment |
| systemic capillaries | gaseous/nutrient/waste exchange with cells |
| double circulation | oxygenated blood to cells unoxygenated blood to gas exchange site |
| three chambered heart | 2 atria keep oxygen/nonoxygen blood separated ventricle has mixed blood |
| right atrium | receives unoxygenated blood from body |
| ventricle | pumps mixed blood to body and gas exchange site |
| left atrium | receives oxygenated blood from gas exchange site |
| systemic circuit | blood sent out to body cells for gas/nutrient/waste exchange |
| pulmocutaneous circuit | unoxygenated blood sent to skin/lungs gas exchange site |
| four chambered heart | 2 atria and 2 ventricles keep oxygen and unoxygenated blood separate |
| right atrium | receives unoxygenate blood from body |
| right ventricle | sends unoxygenated blood to lungs for gas exchange |
| left atrium | recives oxygenated blood from lungs |
| left ventricle | sends oxygenated blood out to body |
| pulmonary circuit | blood pathway betwen the heart and lungs |
| systemic circuit | blood pathway between heart and body |
| pulmonary artery | carries unoxygenated blood from heart to lungs |
| pulmonary veins | carries oxygenate blood from lungs to heart |
| aorta | carries oxygenated blood from heart out to body |
| superior vena cava | carries unoxygenated blood from upper body to heart |
| inferior vena cava | carries unoxygenated blood from lower body to heart |
| semilunar valves | prevents blood backflow from artery into ventricles |
| atrioventricular valves | prevents blood backflow from atria into ventricles |
| cardiac cycle | heart sequence of filling and pumping blood into/out of chambers |
| diastole | "rest cycle" blood fills heart chambers |
| systole | "pump cycle" heart chambers empty on contraction |
| cardiac output | volume of blood pump by ventricles per minute |
| heart rate | number of heat beats per minute |
| heart murmur | sound of valve leak from backflow between atria and ventricle |
| pacemaker (SA node) | heart muscle region that sets the rate of heart contraction |
| AV node | contraction relay point between atria/ventricles |
| EKG/ECG | instrument forms graphical representation of cardiac cycle |
| heart attack | layman term for heart muscle death |
| myocardial infarction | death of heart muscle |
| cardiovascular disease | disorders of blood vessels and heart |
| stroke | death of brain tissue |
| atherosclerosis | hardening of the arteries cused by cholesterol deposition |
| plaque | growth of cholesterol deposits on bv walls |
| C-reactive protein (CRP) | protein formed from bv inflammation indicator of cardiovascular disease |
| angioplasty | balloon inserted into bv to compress plaque buildup |
| stents | wire mesh tubes use to prop open plaque narrowed arteries |
| blood pressure | force exerted by blood on vessel wals |
| diastolic blood pressure | force exerted by blood when heart at rest |
| systolic blood pressure | force exerted by blood when heart contracts |
| hypertension | high blood pressure systole > 140/diastole > 90 |
| pulse | rhythmic stretching of arterial wall |
| blood | fluid transport medium of cardiovascular systems |
| formed elements | cellular componet of blood |
| plasma | fluid component of blood |
| electrolytes (ions) | ions carried in plasma |
| albumen | plasma protein that maintains blood osmolarity |
| fibrinogen | plasma protein involved in clotting |
| immunoglobulins | plasma proteins that imobilize foreign substances |
| hormones | signaling molecules of plasma |
| red blood cells (RBC) | unnucleated cells transport oxygen |
| erythrocytes | scientific term for RBC |
| anemia | lack of RBC |
| erythropoietin (EPO) | hormone stimulates bone marrow to form RBCs |
| white blood cells (WBC) | nucleated cells that fight disease |
| leukocytes | scientific term for WBC |
| neutrophils | release heparin/histamine to accelerate attack of microbes |
| basophils | phagocytic WBC kills parasites/bacteria |
| eosinophils | phgocytic WBC that kill microbes |
| monocytes | phagosytic antigen presenting cytokine releasing WBC |
| phagocytes | WBC that engulf foreign material/cells |
| lymphocytes | WBC work horse for the immune system |
| T-cell lymphocytes | mature in thymus form cellular response of immune system |
| B-cell lymphocytes | mature in bone marrow humoral response of immune system |
| leukemia | excess number of abnormal WBC |
| platelets | cells responsible for clotting response |
| heparin | chemical prevents blood clotting |
| histamine | vasodilator increases fluid flow to damaged tissues |
| cytokines | signaling protein attracts WBC to diseased regions |
| thrombocytes | scientific term for platelets |
| fibrinogen | in active plasma protein responsible for clot formation |
| fibrin | fibrous plasma protein that forms clots |
| stem cells | unspecialize cells of bone marrow |
| multipotent stem cell | unspecialized cell that can give rise to any type of specialized cell |
| lymphoid stem cell | precursor cell forms lymphocytes |
| myeloid stem cell | precursor cell forms WBCs and RBCs |
