| A | B |
|---|
| Adventitious | abnormal sounds superimposed on breath sounds, including sibilant wheezes (formally called simple wheezes) |
| Atelectasis | The collapse of alveoli, preventing the respiratory exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen occurs from occlusion of air (blockage) to a portion of the lung. |
| Bronchoscopy | Uses a rigid or flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope |
| Cor-pulmonale | An abnormal cardiac condition characterized by hypertrophy of the right ventricle of the heart as a result of hypertension of the pulmonary circulation. |
| Coryza | acute rhinitis, common cold |
| Crackles | short, discrete interrupted crackling or bubbling sounds that are most commonly heard during inspiration. |
| Cyanosis | slightly bluish, graylike, slatelike, or dark purple discoloration of the skin resulting from excessive amounts of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood. |
| Dyspnea | Difficulty breathing that is subjective experience that only the patient can accurately describe. |
| Embolism | The passage of a foreign substance, like a blood clot, fat air tumor tissue or amniotic fluid, into the pulmonary artery or its branches with the resulting obstruction of the blood supply to lung tissue and subsequent collapse. |
| Empyema | accumulation of pus in a body cavity, especially the pleural space. |
| Epistaxis | bleeding from the nose. |
| Exacerbation | an increase in the seriousness of a disease or disorder as marked by greater intensity in the signs or symptoms. |
| Extrinsic | caused by external factors |
| Hypercapnia | greater than normal amounts of carbon dioxide in the blood. |
| Hypoventilation | the condition in which the amount of air that enters the alveoli and takes part in gas exchange is not adequate for the body's metabolic needs. |
| Hypoxia | oxygen deficiency |
| Intrinsic | from internal causes |
| Orthopnea | an abnormal condition in which a person must sit or stand in order to breath. |
| Pleural friction-rub | low-pitched, grating or creaking lung sounds that occur when inflamed pleural surfaces rub together during respiration. |
| Pneumothorax | a collection of air or gas in the pleural space, causing the lung to collapse. |
| Sibilant wheezes | musical, high pitched, squeaking or whistling sounds, caused by the rapid movement of air through the narrowed bronchioles. |
| Sonorous wheezes- | low-pitched, loud, coarse, snoring sounds |
| Stertorous | the major manifestations of nasal septal deviations and polyps are stertorous respirations, characterized by a harsh snoring sound, respirations, dyspnea and sometimes postnasal drip |
| Tachypnea | abnormally rapid rate of breathing |
| Thoracentesis | inserting a needlelike instrument into the pleural space and removing the fluid. |
| Virulent | capable of producing disease |
