| A | B |
|---|
| sensations | action potentials received by brain from sense receptors |
| perceptions | interpretaion of sensory input by brain |
| sensory receptors | specialized cells that detect stimuli |
| sensory transduction | electrical change in receptor cell membrane caused by stimulus |
| receptor potential | grade change in receptor membrane related to ion flow |
| sensory adaptation | tendencey of receptors to become less sensitive with repeate stimulation |
| pain receptors | bare nerve endings sensitive to dangerous stimuli |
| thermoreceptors | receptors sensitive to changes in heat/cold |
| mechanoreceptors | sensitive to mechanical energy (movement) |
| hair cells | sensory cells with cilia or microvilli that detect movement |
| proprioceptors | sensory cells sensitive to muscle movement indicat position of body parts |
| chemoreceptors | sensory cells sensitive to chemical changes in the environment |
| electromagnetic receptors | sensory cells sensitive to electrical, magnetic, light changes |
| photoreceptors | sensory cells senetive to changes in light energy |
| outer ear | forts part of ear pinna, auditory canal, ear drum |
| pinna | fleshy "cone-like" structure to capture sound waves |
| auditory canal | pathway between pinna and middle ear |
| ear drum (tympanum) | sheet of tissue separating outer/middle ear |
| middle ear | contains auditory ossicles (bones) that amplify sound waves |
| hammer (malleus) | first ossicle transfers ear drum vibrateions to second ossicle |
| anvil (incus) | second ossicle transfers hammer vibrations to third ossicle |
| stirrup (stapes) | third ossicle transfers anvil vibrations to oval window |
| Eustachian tube | channel from middle ear to throat (pharynx) equalizes air pressure |
| inner ear | fluid filled channels responsible for hearing/equilibrium |
| cochlea | three coiled fluid filled canals responsible for auditory sensations |
| oval window | transfers stapes vibrations to fluid of upper canal |
| upper canal | top fluid filled canal of cochlea |
| middle canal | central fluid filled canal of cochlea, contains organ of Corti |
| organ of Corti | organ of hearing contains specialized sensory hair cells |
| tectorial membrane | "covering" membrane above hair cells whose movements stimulate these cells |
| basilar membrane | supporting "floor" of organ of Corti holding hair cells |
| lower canal | fluid filled canal beneath middle canal dissapates fluid pressure from upper canal |
| round window | distal end of lower canal disapates fluid pressure |
| semicircular canals | membranous loops found in each Cartesian plane responsible for sense of direction/balance0- |
| utricle | fluid filled sac with otoliths perception of body position |
| saccule | smaller fluid filled sac with otoliths perceive head position |
| cupula | protective gel around hair cells of balance organ |
| compound eye | eye consisting of an array of numerous small visual units, asfound in insects and crustaceans |
| ommatidium | functional unit of a compound eye, photoreceptors + lens |
| ocelli | simple sensor of presense/absens of light in insects |
| single lens eye (simple eye) | single lens eye a.k.a. camera eye |
| sclera | hard outer layer of eye |
| cornea | clear portion of sclera in front of eye |
| choroid | middle vascular layer of eye |
| iris | muscular portion of choroid controls size of eye opening |
| pupil | opening of eye |
| ciliary body | muscular portion of choroid changes shape of lens |
| lens | clear onion shaped structure focuses light on retina |
| retina | innermoste sensory layer of eye |
| fovea | portion of retina with highest concentration of sensory cone cells |
| blind spot | retinal area with no photoreceptors |
| optic nerve | nerve fivers from phtotoreceptors |
| anterior chamber | fluid filled cavity of eye in front of lens |
| aqueous humor | watery fluid in the anterior chamber of eye |
| posterior chamber | fluid filld cavity of eye behind the lens |
| vitreous humor | more viscous fluid filling the posterior chamber of eye |
| accommodation | proce by which lens shape changes to focus light stimuli on retina |
| nearsightedness (myopia) | elongated eye cannot focus distant bojects |
| divergent lens | corrects nearsightedness by spending light rays |
| farsightedness | shortened eye cannot focus close objects |
| convergent lens | corrects nearsightedness by converging light rays |
| astigmatism | blured vision caused by misshapen lens or cornea |
| radial keratotomy | knife cuts cornea to change shape improve vision |
| laser assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) | laser used to reshape cornea to improve vision |
| cones | photoreceptors sensitive to bright light and colors |
| photopsins | visual pigments found in cones |
| rods | photoreceptors sensitive to dim amounts of light |
| rhodopsin | pigment found in rods |
| taste buds | chemoreceptors of the tongue |
