| A | B |
|---|
| locomotion | animal ability to move from place to place |
| hydrostatic skeleton | support derived from fluids held under pressure in a closed body compartment |
| exoskeleton | support from a rigidexternal covering |
| endoskeleton | support derived from an internal fram wprk of leathery or crystalline particles |
| axial skeleton | portion supporting the axis/trunk of the body |
| skull | protective casing of the brain and sense organs |
| cervical vertebrae | bones protecting the spinal cord of the neck region |
| thoracic vertebrae | bones protecting the spinal cord of the chest region |
| sternum | brestbone anterior anchor point of ribs |
| ribs | flat bones protecting the lungs and heart |
| sacrum | fused bones protecting spinal column of the pelvic region |
| coccyx | tailbone |
| appendicular skeleton | bones of the arms and legs and their attachmets to body axis |
| pectoral girdle | points of attachment of the arm bones to axis of body |
| scapula | dorsal bone forming the pectoral girdle |
| clavicle | ventral bone forming the pectoral girdle |
| pelvic girdle | point of attachment of the leg bones to the axis of the body |
| humerus | upper arm bone |
| ulna | lower arm bone |
| radius | lower arm bone allows hand rotation |
| carpals | bones that form the wrist |
| metacarpals | bones that form the palm of the hand |
| phalanges | bones that form the fingers/digits |
| femur | upper leg (thigh) bone |
| patella | knee cap |
| tibia | lower leg (calf) bone |
| fibula | lower leg bone allows rotation of foot |
| tarsals | anklebones |
| metatarsals | bones of the sole of foot |
| phalanges | bones of the toes of foot |
| yellow bone marrow | stores fat in the long bone central cavity |
| red bone marrow | specialized tissue in spongy bone forms blood cells |
| spongy bone | portion of long bone tissue honeycombed with small cavities |
| compact bone | solid layers of bone tissue imparts strenth |
| osteoporosis | disease characterized by low bone mass and structural deerioration of bone |
| ligaments | conective tissue attaching bones to bone |
| ball and socket joints | joints enabling rotation and movement in more than one plane |
| hinge joints | eneable movement only in one plane |
| pivot joints | allow rotation around one point |
| tendons | connective tissue connecting muscles to bone |
| skeletal muscles | striated voluntary muscles that pull on skeletal components |
| antagonistic pairs | muscles that move sekeltal parts in opposite directions |
| muscle fibers | bundles of parallel fibers that form a muscle |
| myofibrils | protein fibrils that make of cellular part of muscle tissues |
| sarcomere | functioning unit of a muscle fiber |
| actin | protein forming thin fibers only fibers in light (i) bands |
| myosin | thick fibers fpund with thin fibers in dark (a) bands |
| sliding filament hypothesis | explanation of how proteins interact to cause muscle contraction |
| thin filaments | composed of actin, troponin and tropomyosin proteins |
| thick filaments | composed of only myosin protein |
| troponin | protein with calcium binding sites |
| tropomyosin | thin protein containg myosin binding sites |
| a-band | dark bands formed of actin and myosin |
| i-band | light bands formed of only actine fibers |
| sarcoplasmic reticulum | modified ER of muscle cells stores Ca ions |
| motor unit | motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it controls |
