| A | B |
|---|
| imperialism | the domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region |
| protectorate | a country or region expected to follow the instructions of a western country, though keeping its own ruler |
| sphere of influence | a type of western control where it claims all the investment and trading privileges |
| new imperialism | an aggressive form of expansion by western countries in the 1800s |
| direct rule | the western country sends their own ruler into rule its colony, used by France |
| indirect rule | a western country uses locals to run its colony or protectorate, used by Britain |
| Sierra Leone | a colony in Western Africa created by the British for returning freed slaves to Africa |
| Liberia | an African country settled by some free blacks from America |
| David Livingstone | explorer-missionary who opened up the interior of Africa and worked against slavery |
| Berlin Conference | a meeting of European countries setting up rules for colonizing Africa |
| Congo Free State | an African colony claimed by King Leopold of Belgium |
| Boer War | fought between Britain and the Dutch farmers in southern Africa |
| Nehanda | a military leader in Zimbabwe |
| Menelik II | emperor of Ethiopia who modernized his country and preserved independence |
| Adowa | battle where Ethiopia kept Italy from taking them over |
| genocide | a deliberate attempt to destroy an intire religious or ethnic group of people |
| Mahdi | Muhammad Ahmad, the self-proclaimed Islamic savior in Sudan |
| Young Turks | a group of liberals who tried to reform the Ottoman Empire by taking it over |
| Muhammad Ali | the "father of modern Egypt" |
| Suez Canal | a waterway that links the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea |
| cash crop | farmers products that can be sold on the world market |
| East India Company | a British group that controlled a large part of India |
| Sepoy Rebellion | Indian troops set up by Britain that fought British control |
| Ram Mohun Roy | an Indian scholar who encouraged some of the western ways |
| Indian National Congress | the organization of the Congress party in India, working for eventual self-rule |
| Muslim League | the Muslim version of the Congress party |
| balance of trade | exporting more than is imported |
| trade deficit | importing more than is exported |
| indemnity | payment for war losses |
| extraterritoriality | China allowing British citizens in China to be under British rules |
| Opium War | fight between British drug traders and the Chinese government |
| Treaty of Nanjing | Britain forced China to sign this, giving up rights to western powers |
| Taiping Rebellion | Chinese peasants, in poverty and misery, who revolted |
| Ci Xi | a Chinese empress devoted to Confucian traditions |
| Open Door Policy | a plan to keep China open to world trade |
| Hundred Days of Reform | Guang Xu launched this intense period of reform, but was stopped by Ci Xi |
| Boxer Uprising | Chinese citizens determined to drive out the "foreign devils" |
| Sun Yixian | president of the new Chinese Republic |
