| A | B |
|---|
| intracellular absorption route | maaterials enter root via cell cytoplasm and plasmodesmata |
| extracellular absorption route | materials enter root through hydrophillic cell wals and extracellular spaces |
| Casparian strip | waxy layer that prevents water/solutes from entering xylem from cell walls |
| root hairs | epidermal extensions of root surface increase surface area for absorption |
| xylem sap | water/inorganic solutes carried up plant in xylem |
| root pressure | force of water enetering roots by osmosis pushes xylem sap up xylem |
| transpiration | evaporative loss of water through a plant's leaves |
| cohesion | molecules of same type (water) sticking together |
| adhesion | different types of molecules stick together |
| transpiration-cohesion-tension mechanism | explanation of how water is drawn up a plant |
| stoma | openings in leaves for gas exchange |
| stomata | leave openings including guard cells |
| guard cell | cells that control the opening/closing of gas exchange openings in leaf |
| phloem sap | highly concentrated sugar solution that travels down a plant |
| sugar source | plant organ that is a net producer of sugar by photosynthesis or starch breakdown |
| sugar sink | plant organ that is a net sugar consumer/storer |
| pressure flow mechanism | concentration gradient explanation of how phloem sap travels through plant |
| macronutrients | nutrients plants need in large amounts |
| micronutrients | nutrients plants nee in small samounts |
| fertilizers | compounds given to plants to promote their growth |
| essential element | substance a plant must receive to successfull complete its life cycle |
| nitrifying bacteria | soil bacteria that change ammonia into the |
| compost | soil like mixture of decomposed organic matter used to enrich soil |
| topsoil | upper level of soil subject to extensive weathering composed rock particles, organisms and humus |
| humus | partially decayed organic matter found in soil |
| cation exchange | mechanism where roots absorb more positive ions |
| sustainable agriculture | conservation minded farming practice that is environmentally safe |
| nitrogen fixation | process to change free nitrogen into ammonia |
| ammonifying bacteria | soil bacteria that change organic matter into ammonia the nitrate ion |
| nitrogen fixing bacteria | soil bacteria that change ammonia to the nitrate ion |
| mycorrhiza | symbiosis of plant roots and fungi that increases plant absorption of water/nutriens |
| nodule | swollen area of legume root housing nitrogen fixing bacteria |
| Rhizobium bacteria | nitrogen fixing bacteria found in plant roots |
| epiphytic plants | plants that grow on other plants (mistletoe, orchids) |
| parasitic plants | plants growing on other plants to absorb nutrients |
| carnivorous plants | plant adapted to low nitrogen soil, get nitrogen by capturing insects |
