| A | B |
|---|
| zaibatsu | powerful industrial families in Japan |
| homogeneous society | a common culture and language giving a strong sense of identity |
| Matthew Perry | An American naval officer who sailed to Japan and insisted it allow trade |
| Treaty of Kanagawa | agreement between U.S. and Japanese shogun to open up two Japanese ports, though not for trade |
| Meiji restoration | return to "enlightened rule" in Japan to strengthen them against the west |
| Russo-Japanese War | fight over Korea which Japan won over Russia |
| French Indochina | An area of southeastern Asia ruled by France |
| Chulalongkorn | king of Thailand who modernized and stopped slavery |
| Emilio Aguinaldo | a Filipino leader who led fight against U.S. in the Philippines |
| Queen Liliuokalani | the last ruler of Hawaii |
| unequal treaties | agreements that western powers forced Asian countries to sign, though unfair |
| indigenous | original inhabitants of an area |
| penal colony | a place to send people who have been convicted of crimes |
| Upper Canada | English speaking part of Canada (now Ontario) |
| Lower Canada | French speaking part of Canada (now Quebec) |
| John Macdonald | Canada's first prime minister |
| British North America Act | created the united Dominion of Canada |
| Aborigines | the indigenous population of Australia |
| Maoris | the indigenous people of New Zealand |
| regionalism | loyalty to an area rather than a country |
| caudillo | a local strongman |
| economic dependence | an unequal relationship when a more developed country controls prices and terms of trade |
| peonage | a Mexican system that kept many of the poor attached economically to the rich |
| Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna | a Mexican leader who opposed reform and eventually lost Texas to the U.S. |
| Benito Juarez | president of Mexico who brought reforms and fought the French |
| Porfirio Diaz | dictator of Mexico, a former hero who led in the defeat of the French |
| Colossus of the North | the giant power of the United States over Latin America |
| Monroe Doctrine | a declaration that no European power would be allowed to colonize in the Americas |
| Spanish-American War | as a result the U.S. gained Puerto Rico, Philippines, and Guam |
| Roosevelt Corollary | U.S. claim to have "international police power" in the Western Hemisphere |
| Panama Canal | a waterway created in Central America between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans |
