| A | B |
|---|
| population ecology | study of how changes in population size and other factors regulate populations |
| population | group of individuals of the same species occupying the same area |
| population density | numer of individuqalsof a species per unit area/volume |
| dispersion pattern | the way individuals are spaced within their area |
| clumped dispersion pattern | individuals are groups in patches |
| uniform dispersion pattern | individuals are evenly spaced/placed within their area |
| random dispersion pattern | individuals spaced in an unpredictable mnner show no pattern |
| life table | representation of survivorship, the chance of an individual surviving to various ages |
| survivorship curve | plot of survivorshipas the proportion of individuals from an initial populationthat are alive at each age |
| Type I survivorship curve | ew offspring produced increased likelihood of survival to maturity |
| Type II survivorship curve | individuals are no more vulnerable at any stage survivorship is constant |
| Type III survivorship curve | low survivorship for young with high survivorship after a certain age |
| per capita rate of increase | the average contribution of each individual to population growth |
| exponential growth model | idealized unregulated growth with no restrictions on abilty to live/grow/reproduce |
| limiting factors | environmental conditions that restrict a popolation's growth |
| logistic growth model | description of idealized growth slowed by limiting factors as population size increases |
| carrying capacity | maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain |
| density dependent limiting factors | those that have an increasing efect as populations become more dens/crowded |
| life history | traits that affect an organisms's schedule of reproducion and death |
| r-selection | areas of abundant resources/exponential growth but experience unpredictable disturbances that reduce populations |
| K-selection | traits occurring in environmentswith populations close to carying capacity grow limited by density |
| sustainable resource management | harvesting of resources without damaging the resource |
| maximum sustained yield | harvesting done to produce conatant yield without a decline in population |
| integrated pest management (IPM) | combining biological/chemical/culturing methods to control agricultural pests |
| demographic transition | the shift from zero population growth with high but equal birth/death rates to zero population growth with low birth/death rates |
| population age structure | the number of individuals in different age groups within a given population |
| population momentum | situation of an increased proportion of women of childbearing age in a population |
| ecological footprint | estimate of the total amount of land required to provide the raw materials concumed by an individual/nation |
