| A | B |
|---|
| Detente | an era of relaxed tensions in the Cold War of the 1970s |
| Welfare State | government takes more responsibility for social and economic needs of people while retaining a capitalism economy |
| service industry | provides service rather than product, such as health care, education, and recreation |
| Mikhail Gorbachev | Soviet leader largely responsible for the end of the Cold War |
| Common Market | western European nations agreement to trade freely with each other |
| Berlin Wall | wall built in Berlin in 1961 to keep the East Berlins from escaping to the west, destroyed in 1989 |
| Nuclear Test Ban Treaty | agreement by the Superpowers in 1963 to no longer test nuclear weapons in the atmosphere |
| European Union | the Common Market expanded and renamed in the 1980s-1990s, adding Britain, Denmark, Ireland, and some Eastern European countries |
| Margaret Thatcher | British Prime Minister who privated government-run industries |
| Charles de Gaulle | French leader who set up the 5th Republic in 1958, after he led the free French in exile during the war |
| Konrad Adenauer | led West Germany from 1949-1963 |
| Helmut Kohl | first Chancellor of unified Germany |
| Ostpolitik | West German Chancellor Willy Brandt's attempt in 1969 to improve ties with Eastern Europe |
| Neo-Nazis | extremists who promoted Nazism after the reunification of Germany, as a solution to the hard times brought on by reunification |
| deficit | national debt, caused by the government spending more than it brings in through taxes and other income sources |
| Senator Joseph McCarthy | extreme anti-communist accusing many U.S. citizens of harboring communist sympathies during the 1950s |
| Great Society | President Johnson's program of social assistance in the mid-1960s, such as Medicare, low-cost housing, and educational support |
| Ronald Reagan | U.S. President in the 1980s known for his conservatism |
| Brown vs Board of Education | A Supreme Court ruling that declared school segration unconstitutional in 1954 |
| Martin Luther King, Jr | an African-American civil rights leader who promoted peaceful methods of resistance, assassinated in 1968 |
| St Lawrence Seaway | waterway linking the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean, a joint project of the U.S. and Canada, completed in 1959 |
| dissident | one who spoke against the Soviet government |
| Glasnost | openness policy that brought an end of censorship in the Soviet Union |
| Perestroika | restructing of the government and economy in the Soviet Union |
| Nikita Khruschchev | Soviet leader following Stalin, denouncing Stalin's abuse of power, led 1956-1964 |
| Leonid Brezhnev | Soviet leader who returned to harsher rule and weapon build-up, led 1964-1982 |
| Boris Yeltsin | Russian leader after the break-up of the Soviet Union, known for privatization |
| Chechnya | place in the Causasus Mountains where a revolt was crushed by Yeltsin in 1994 |
| Imre Nagy | Hungarian leader in 1956 who tried to free Hungary of Soviet rule |
| Alexander Dubcek | Czech leader who tried liberal reforms, forced and ousted by Breshnev's forces |
| Josip Tito | Yugoslavian leader, communist but independent of the Soviet Union |
| Lech Walesa | Polish leader organizing Solidarity in 1980 |
| Solidarity | an independent trade union in Poland |
| Czechoslovakia | Eastern European country that peacefully split into two countries (Czech Republic and Slovakia) |
| Yugoslavia | Eastern European country torn apart by civil war |
| Northern Ireland violence | conflict between Protestants want to remain British and Catholics want an independent nation |
| Quebec | wanted autonomy or independence from Canada to preserve their French culture |
