| A | B |
|---|
| cellular respiration | harvesting of energy from sugar |
| aerobic respiration | harvesting of energy from sugar in the presence of oxygen |
| anaerobic respiration | harvesting of energy from sugar in the absence of oxygen |
| adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | high erengy molecule that provides cells with immediate energy for work |
| redox reaction | reaction in which electrons move from one molecule to another |
| oxidation | the loss of electrons from a molecule |
| reduction | the gain of electrons in a molecule |
| dehydrogenase | enzyme that removes hydrogens from a molecule |
| nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) | organic molecule that transports electrons |
| electron transport chain | series of reactions that receive electrons and slowly releases energy to form ATP |
| glycolysis | initial respiration pathway converts glucose to pyruvate forming 2ATP net |
| Kreb's cycle | second respiration pathway conversts pyruvate to CO2 releases electrons for oxidative phosphorylation |
| oxidative phosphorylation | uses electrons/hydrogen from citric acid cycle to form ATP |
| chemiosmosis | potential energy concentration gradient formed in mitochondria drives ATP formation |
| ATP synthases | enzyme in inner membrane of mitichondria that forms ATP |
| flavin adenine dinucleotide | organic molecule that along with NAD transports electrons |
| substrate level phosphorylation | ATP formation in glycolysis and citric acid cycle |
| glucose | high potential energy nolecule at the start of respiration |
| pyruvate | molecule produced at end of glycolysis |
| acetyl CoA | molecule used to move carbons of pyruvate into the citric acid cycle |
| lactic acid fermentation | anaerobic pathway converts pyruvate to lactic acid |
| alcohol fermentation | anaerobic pathway converts pyruvate to ethanol and carbon dioxide |
| facultative anaerobe | organism that can derive energy both with oxygen or without oxygen if necessary |
