| A | B |
|---|
| import substitution | government encourages goods to be made at home instead of relying on imports |
| agribusiness | large commercial farms owned by multinational corporations |
| Latin America | geographical region from Mexico to Caribbean, Central and South America, consisting of 33 independent countries |
| uneven distribution of wealth | an unfair key feature in Latin America since colonial days |
| two social classes | Latin American classes by mid 1900s: middle class and urban working class |
| urbanization | today 70% of Latin Americans live in cities |
| General Augusto Pinochet | military ruler in Chili from 1973-1990 who did improve their economy |
| economic growth | Latin America is largely dependent on the industrial world for it |
| Catholic church | main religious influence in Latin America |
| Bay of Pigs | U.S. and Cuban exiles plot to invade Cuba in 1961, but unsuccessful |
| Cuban Missile Crisis | U.S. trade embargo on Cuba in 1962, Soviet built nuclear missile bases on Cuba brought to brink of nuclear war |
| Organization of American States (OAS) | U.S. and Latin America agreed to cooperate and note interfere with each other in 1948 |
| Alliance for Progress | Kennedy's 1961 pledge to economically help capitalist growth in Latin America |
| Salvador Allende | socialist president of Chile, overthrown in 1973 through encouragement of Nixon and the U.S. |
| Chico Mendes | Rubber Union leader in Brazil killed by rancher-hired gunmen, praised by environmentalists as a hero to save rainforests |
| Fidel Castro | guerrilla leader who became dictator of Cuba in 1959, turned to Soviets for support |
| Cuba | chief focus of U.S. concern in the Cold War |
| Ejidos | Mexican peasant cooperatives receiving land from the government to farm |
| Maquiladoras | assembly plants arising along the northern border of Mexico, multinational businesses used cheap Mexican labor |
| Lazaro Cardenas | Mexican president in 1930s who helped the rural poor with land reform |
| Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) | dominant Mexican political party |
| Chiapas | rebels who challenged Mexican government unsuccessfully, Indian rebels from South Mexico |
| Somozo Family | anti-communist rulers of Nicaragua 1936-1979 |
| Daniel Ortega | the Sandinista's president in Nicaragua |
| Contras | Nicaraguan counter revolutionaries (against Sandinistas) secretly backed by U.S. President Reagan |
| Francois Duvalier | "Papa Doc" dictator of Haiti from 1957-1971, terrorized people with his secret police |
| Jean-Bertrand Aristede | Haiti's elected leader in 1990, soon forced into exile, returned three years later with the help of the U.S. |
| NAFTA | trade agreement of the U.S., Canada, and Mexico in 1995 |
| Haiti | First Latin American country to win indpendence |
| Juan Peron | elected president of Argentina in 1946, helped the poor, yet authoritarian |
| Eva Peron | Juan Peron's first wife who helped him win popularity in Argentina |
| Isabel Peron | 2nd wife of Juan Peron, became Vice President when Juan was reelected after 21 years in exile, then President when Juan died |
| "Dirty War" | Argentinean Army combatted leftist guerillas, terrorizing, kidnapping, and murdering thousands |
| Falklands | British-ruled islands south of Argentina, attempted to take over by Argentina, but failed |
| Getulio Vargas | Brazilian dictator between 1930-1945, helped working poor, was overthrown by the military |
| Argentina | richest nation in Latin America in 1900 |
| Brazil | occupies almost half of the South American continent, won independence peacefully, among top 10 world economies in the 1990s |
