| A | B |
|---|
| photosynthesis | transforms light energy to chemical energy stored in the bonds of sugar made from CO2 and water |
| autotrophs | make their own food; sustain themselves without concuming organic molecules |
| producers | organisms that form organic molcules used by other organs to sustain themselves |
| photoautotrophs | organisms capable of producing organic molecules from inorganic ones using light energy |
| chloroplast | cell organelle that carries out photosynthesis |
| chlorophyll | light absorbing pigment of the chloroplast |
| mesophyll | green tissue in center of a leaf with highes concentration of chloroplasts |
| stomata | pores in leaf for exchange of gases |
| stroma | fluid that surrounds the thylakoids |
| thylakoids | highly folded inner membrane of chloroplast |
| grana | concentrated stacks of thylkoids |
| photolysis | process of light reactions that splits water to generate hydrogen ions and free oxygen |
| light reactions | portion of photosynthesis that converts light energy into chemical enegy forming NADPH and ATP |
| Calvin cycle | stromal reactions that reduces carbon dioxide to form glucose using h ions and ATP from light reactions |
| NADPH | hydrogen/electron carrier that connects |
| ATP | energy carrying molecule |
| electromagnetic spectrum | wave energy of different wavelengths |
| wavelength | distance between two crests of adjacent waves |
| photon | fixed quantity of light energy |
| photosystem | light harvesting pigments and enzymes suroundin reaction center complex |
| reaction center complex | chlorophyll a molecule that channels all the energy absorbed by surrounding pigments |
| photosystem II | contains P680 reaction center photolysis produces H ions needed for chemiosmosis |
| P680 | reaction center of photosystem II |
| photosystem I | contains P700 reaction center transfers H ions to NADPH hydrogen carrier |
| P700 | reaction center of photosystem I |
| chemiosmosis | process using a concentration gradient to form ATP |
| photophosphorylation | using light energy to phosphorylate ADP forming ATP |
| carbon fixation | addition of CO2 to existing sugar to form 12 molecules glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate (G3P) |
| ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) | existing sugar used to fix carbon dioxide |
| rubisco | enzyme that catalyzes carbon fixation reaction |
| reduction | ATP and NADPH from light reactions add hydrogen/electrons to carbon skeleton of G3P |
| hexose shunt | 2 molecules of G3P are combine to form glucose |
| RuBP regeneration | 10 molecules of G3P are rearranged to form RuBP |
| C3 plants | carbon fixation forms 3 carbon precursor PGAL |
| photorespiration | hot conditions stomata close and rubisco adds oxygen not CO2 |
| C4 plants | carbon fixation forms a 4C precursor allowing sugar formation with closed stomates |
| Cam plants | conserves water by opening stomates during night |
| greenhouse effect | atmospheric CO2 prevents release of radiant energy from Earth's surface |
| global warming | slow steady rise of Earht's surface temperatures due to greenhouse effect |
