| A | B |
|---|
| mania | high mood excessed associated with inappropriate and potentially dangerous behavior |
| examples of mania | irritability, pressured speech and a false sense of well being |
| bipolar disorder | depressed mood and manic moods are present |
| Bipolar I differes from Bipolar II due to the | degree of mania |
| Bipolar II | hypomania alternates with major depresson |
| Bipolar I | full blown mania alternates with periods of depression |
| Bipolar I also includes | single epiosde of mania even without depression |
| Hypomania | mood elevation not as severe as mania; no gross lapses of judgment |
| 4 | Hypomania lasts this number of days |
| 5 | number of fingers on one of Jewel's hands |
| 4 or more | rapid cycling includes more than this many mood disturbances in a single year |
| mixed state | symptoms of mania and depression at the same |
| cyclothymia | fluctuations between hypomania and depressive symptoms |
| bipolar disorder increases risks of | thyroid disease, obesity, migraine headaches, diabetes, heart disease |
| 40 | percent of people sleep and eat more than usual |
| atypical depression | depression in which people sleep and eat more than usual |
| Dysthymia | persistent state of depression |
| 2 yrs. or more | persistent depressive disorder lasts for |
| 2 | in persistent depressive disorder a person is never without depressive symptoms for more than this # of mos. |
| double depression | superimposition of major depression episodes on persistent depressive disorder |
| disruptive mood dysregulation disorder | children 6-18 severe recurrent temper outbursts |
| reason for including disruptive mood dysregulation disorder in DSM V | slow down diagnosis of children with bipolar disorder |
| premenstrual dysphoric disorder | deep sadness, anger, panic or other symptoms following cyclical pattern in women |
| late luteal phase | PMDD usuall associated with |
| PMDD | premenstrual dysphoric disorder |
| MDD | most common psych disorder in US |
| 16 | percent of people over age 18 who report MDD |
| twice | Almost ____ as many women as men suffer from MDD |
| symptoms of neuroticism | tendency to be sad, anxious and emotioinally reactive |
| neuroticism more likely found in | women and depressed persons |
| passive suicidal ideation | wish to be dead but without active planning |
| active suicidal ideation | includes details about how to commit the act |
| 59-87 | heritability percentage of bipolar |
| linkage study | narrows search to a particular area on a chromosome or several chromosomes that high a high likelihood of harbouring risk genes |
| advantage of linkage study | narrows search in human genome |
| association study | idnetiifies a gene that is believed to be associated with a disorder and then tries to see if the dz is more common in those with the gene than without |
| amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, dosiolateral prefrontal cortex and ant. cingulate cortex | functional neuroimaging focuses on these regions |
| amygdala | associated with memory and emotional responses to stimuli |
| orbitofrontal cortex | cognitive processing and decision making |
| dosolateral prefrontal cortex | affect regulation, planning and decision making |
| ant. cingulate cortex | error detection, motivation, modulation of emotional responses |
| Freud's idea of depression | anger turned inward |
| John Bowlby | believed that mother-infant attachment issues could affect depression |
| John Bowlby's 3 stages of maternal/infant separation | protest, despair/pain/loss, detachment or denial of affection for the mother |
| Behavioral Theory of depresion | depression results from the withdrawal of reinforcement (aspects of the social environment) for healthy behaviors |
| 3 aspects of learning theory relevant to depression | indifidual's appraisal of themselves/lives/others; problem-solving (proactive or avoidant approach); success of previous attempts to deal with stress |
