| A | B |
|---|
| The three dimensional structure of DNA | Double Helix |
| Loosely packed DNA | Chromatin |
| Tightly packed DNA | Chromosome |
| Chemical that stores information in the cell. | DNA |
| Guanine | Matches with Cytosine |
| Cytosine | Matches with Guanine |
| Adenine | Matches with Thymine |
| Thymine | Matches with Adenine |
| Hydrogen Bonds | Bonds that hold the two strands of DNA together |
| Watson and Crick | The scientists that discovered the three dimensional structure of DNA |
| Template Strand | The strand of DNA used to make a new copy of DNA |
| Complementary Strand | The strand that matches with the template strand. |
| Replication | The process of copying DNA |
| DNA polymerase | The enzyme that matches base pairs during DNA replication. |
| Helicase | The enzyme that unzips the double helix. |
| Ribonucleic Acid | RNA - a temporary copy of DNA |
| Uracil | A nucleotide base found only in RNA, it pairs with Adenine |
| Messenger RNA | RNA that is a temporary copy of a gene that contains instructions for making a protein |
| Transfer RNA | RNA that carries amino acids to where a protein is being made |
| Ribosomal RNA | RNA found inside the ribosome |
| RNA polymerase | An enzyme that matches nucleic acid basepairs during transcription |
| Transcription | The process of making DNA into mRNA it is the first step of protein synthesis |
| Amino acid | A building block of a protein |
| Translation | The process of making a protein from mRNA, the second step of protein synthesis |
| Codon | Three consecutive bases on mRNA |
| Anti-codon | The complementary bases of a codon, found in tRNA |
| Start codon | AUG |
| Stop codon | A codon that has no amino acid matching it, it stops protein synthesis |
| Gene | The information for how to make a protein |
| Mutations | Changes in the sequence of DNA |
| Point mutation | When one nucleotide base is replaced with another. |
| Frameshift mutation | A mutation that changes the entire sequence of nucleotide bases by inserting or deleting one base. |
| Substitution mutation | Another name for a point mutation |
| Insertion mutation | A frameshift mutation when a nucleotide base is added. |
| Deletion mutation | A frameshift mutation when a nucleotide base is deleted. |
