| A | B |
|---|
| inorganic molecules | typically small molecules that do not usually contain carbon |
| organic molecules | carbon containing molecules that can be very large in size |
| macromolecules | a large molecule |
| monomer | small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers |
| polymer | large compound formed from combinations of many monomers |
| dehydration synthesis | a chemical reaction that makes polymers from monomers by removing water |
| hydrolysis | a chemical reaction that breaks polymers apart into monomers by adding water |
| carbohydrates | compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body |
| monosaccarides | single sugar molecule |
| simple sugars | another word for a monosaccharide |
| glucose | a simple carbohydrate (monosaccaride) found in the blood and also made by plants during photosynthesis |
| polysaccarides | large macromolecule (carbohydrate) formed from monosaccarides |
| complex sugars | another word for polysaccaride |
| glycogen | a polysaccaride carbohydrate stored in the muscles to provide them energy |
| starch | a polysaccharide found in plants, it provides a long term energy source |
| cellulose | a polysaccaride found in the cell wall of plants, it is also know as dietary fiber |
| lipids | macromolecule made of mostly carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils and waxes |
| fats | lipid; made up of fatty acids and glycerol; protects body organs, insulates the body and stores energy |
| non-polar | a molecule that is neutral - it has no postive or negative side |
| hydrocarbons | a molecule made up of just hydrogen and carbon |
| hydrophillic | a property of materials that dissolve well in water "water-loving" |
| hydrophobic | a property of materials that do not dissolve in water "water-fearing" |
| saturated | a fat that includes no double bonds, these fats are usually solid at room temperature |
| unsaturated | a fat that contains double bonds, these fats are usually liquid at room temperature |
| fatty acids | the "monomers" of fats, three fatty acids combined makes a triglyceride |
| triglycerides | a type of fat that stores energy in fat tissue in humans |
| phospholipids | a lipid that is the main component of the cell membrane |
| wax | a type of lipid that acts as a waterproof covering for plants and animals |
| steroids | a type of lipid that signals growth and development in humans |
